Hodges v. Wise , 16 Ala. 509 ( 1849 )

CHILTON, J.

This cause was regularly submitted for a decree in the court below. The depositions were published and the cause being investigated by the chancellor, he decreed that the bill should be dismissed, as the infant heirs or child ren of Bennett Wood, deceased, whose estate was sought to be subjected to the payment of the* complainant’s demand, had not been brought before the court.

It is not denied but that the infants are proper parties to the bill, which seems to have been very correctly framed, and to which they were made defendants, but it is insisted by the counsel for the plaintiff in error — 1st. That the 28th rule of chancery practice, under which the bill was dismissed, did not warrant the chancellor in thus dismissing it; and it is supposed that the rule only applies when there has been a total want of prosecution after filing the bill until the second term, of the court has elapsed. The rule alluded to deelares, “ that if the complainant shall not before the second term after filing his bill, have taken measures to bring in the defendant, his bill shall be dismissed.” — Clay’s Digest, 615, § 28. The plain object of the rule was to avoid delay, and to compel complainants to have their causes ripe for hearing by the second term, at least so far as to have taken measures for bringing in defendants. This object would be defeated if the taking measures to bring in one of several defendants should relieve the party from the operation of the rule in respect to others ; or if he could obtain an exemption by resorting to measures to bring in the parties not recognised by law, or the practice of the court, and which prove ineffectual. The rule is a salutary one, and if properly enforced, will, in my judgment, contribute much to relieve the courts of chancery of the complaints too often with justice urged against them, of delays in their proceedings. The rule should not therefore be lightly regarded. The bill in the case before us was filed on the 9th day of March 1843; it was dismissed on the 17th day of July 1848. Here then was the lapse of more than five years between the time of the commencement of the suit and the period when it was brought to final trial. Certainly the complainant had ample time to prepare it for hearing, and to have brought the parties, who were known to him to have been necessary^ when he filed his bill, properly before the court; and if he has failed to do this, it is in our opinion entirely correct that the chancellor should have dismissed his bill.

2. Neither the English practice of setting down a cause for hearing at the term after publication is made and issuing a subpoena ad audiendum judicium, nor that in respect la speeding causes, &e., has ever been adopted or followed in this State. Our statute requires that “ in all cases where the answer is filed ten days before the sitting of the court, or the bill is taken pro'confesso for want of an answer, the cause shall be heard and determined at that term, if practicable, unless on good cause shown, either party may continue the same” Clay’s Digest, 351, § 38. No notice is required as to the term the cause will be heard. The law fixes this, and causes in chancery stand upon the chancery d'ockét- for trial at the next term -after the bill is filed, if the subpoena has been served upon the defendant thirty days before the commencement of the term, for he has that period within which to answer or demur to the bill. Ib. § 35.

3. But the counsel for the -plaintiff in error insists that the infant defendants were-served with process of subpoena according to the third rule of chancery practice. — Clay’s Digest, 612, § 3. That rule provides that subpoenas issuing against infant defendants may be served on their parents; or either of them if in life, and in case of death, upon the general guardian of such infants, and if there be none, then if the infant be over fourteen years of age, upon the infant personally, and if under fourteen years, then upon such person as may have the maintenance and charge of such infant,” &c. It is contended by the counsel, that in the'ease at bar the subpoena was not only served upon the mother, who had charge of the infants, and who had been appointed their guardian in Texas, but also upon her husband. True, they were each served with process of subpoena; but they were each made defendants to the bill, and the sherifF did nothing more than serve the process on them individually, and not on them as the guardians or persons having the custody of the infants. He does not retuin that he served or executed the process oh them for themselves and as such guardians; no subpoenas or copies of the bill were ■left for the infants, and I apprehend no case can be found where such service has been held sufficient to bring the infants before the court. It may be replied that it would sub-serve no good purpose to leave copies of the sltbpcena and of the bill with the mother for the infants, as not being able -to defend for themselves, the copies could be of no use to them, and their guardian was in possession of a copy of the plaint and process. A sufficient answer is, that the statute requires the subpoena issuing against the infant to be executed on the surviving parent; that leaving a copy by the sheriff of the subpoena and bill, was, at the time of the service here made, the mode of executing the process — besides, thus serving the process notified the parent that the infants were brought before the court by the execution of the process on her, or her husband. Nothing however of the kind was done in this case. The sheriff'says nothing in respect to the infants, nor as to W. W. Wood and Aaron Wood, both of whom .were likewise embraced in the same shbposna. It should appear that the subpoena was served upon the parent for the infant, and the service upon the parent alone who is a party, and required to be served, is not such a compliance with the law as will bring the infant defendants before the court. The case of Hollinger and Wife v. The Branch Bank at Mobile, 8 Ala. 605, where it was held unnecessary to serve a subpoena upon a married woman, unless she' has a separate estate, and that service upon the husband alone was sufficient, is unlike the case before us. The husband is responsible for the default of his wife in failing to answer jointly with him in ordinary cases, and for this reason, may well be considered as the only party necessary to be served with process — Daniel’s Ch. Pr. 535-548; but it is not so in case of infants. The parent is not bound to put in an answer for them, but the court will see that their rights are protected by the appointment of a suitable person, guardian ad litem; and it is clearly irregular to appoint a guardian before they are brought before the court by some of the modes prescribed by our rules of practice. Walker, et al. v. Hallett, 1 Ala, 379; Walker, et al. v. The Bank of Mobile, 6 Ala. Rep. 452. Inasmuch then as the infant defendants were not before the court, and no guardian ad litem could properly have been appointed for them, it follows that the order made by the register, appointing Mr. Jackson, was nugatory, and did not have the effect of dispensing with service upon them. The order of the register does not purport to have been predicated upon any service effected upon the infants personally, or upon any one else lor them, but upon the ground that they Avere non-residents of the Stale. If such Avas the case, it is very clear that publication must have been made against them as in case of adults, before the decree could bind them. Walker v. Bank of Mobile, 6 Ala. 452.

The complainant then in the court below went into the. trial before his case was ripe for hearing; necessary parties, parties who in the event of a decree, must contribute to its satisfaction, and whose effects were sought to be condemned by the bill, were not before the court, and no regular decree could have been pronounced by the court in their absence. In this posture of the case, the court was either bound to proceed and try the cause and render a decree against the parties before it, which would have been clearly irregular, or to continue the cause for another year, when it had already been, as we have stated, continued for more than five years, and when the defendants, for aught that appears of record, had the clear right to have it finally disposed of, or to dismiss the cause from the docket for want of prosecution as to the infant defendants, as was done. We feel no hesitation in saying that the chancellor pursued the correct course.

It is certainly true that the objection for improper parties, or the want of parties, must be taken before the final trial, or the court will not dismiss the bill, but order it to stand over, if the omission of the complainant has not been fraudulent or wilful, that the proper parties may be made and brought before the court either by amended or supplemental bill. Rugely, et al. v. Robinson, 10 Ala. Rep. 702; Alderson v. Harris & Merrill, 12 Ala. Rep. 734. In this case, however, the defendants could taire no advantage of the failure of the complainant to bring in the infant distributees of Wood otherwise than by motion to dismiss, for the bill prays process against them, and that they be made defendants. It is unlike those cases where hew parties are to be brought before the court, and who are discovered pending the progress of the cause. These parties being necessary (Julian, et al v. Reynolds 8 Ala. Rep. 680) and known to be so by the complainant when he filed his bill, and no reason appearing why the complainant had not brought the parties defendants properly before the court, we think after the lapse of so long a time, and after he has submitted his cause for final decree, then to keep the defendants a year longer before the court until the infants can be served or publication made and guardians ad litem appointed, would be to sanction a practice unauthorised by any rule which has been adopted, and would certainly go farther than any adjudicated case in this State has gone. The court pro-pria jure was not bound to continue the cause, and no ground is shown which in our opinion would have justified a continuance.

Let the decree be.affirmed.