Fitzpatrick's Adm'r v. Baker , 31 Ala. 563 ( 1858 )

WALKER, J.

— The sole question of this appeal is, whether the court erred in excluding the deposition of the witness Cook, on account of his interest in the case. It was agreed in the court below, that the witness was incompetent without a release, and that the testimony was pertinent. The arguments in favor of the admissibility of the testimony are, that the competency of the witness was restored by a release ; that the objection should have been made by a motion to suppress the deposition before the trial; and that the objection was not sufficiently specific.

1. The mere execution of a release can not render a witness, having a disqualifying interest, competent. The bias, presumed to result from tbe interest, can only be removed, when the witness is informed of the release. Hence it is requisite that the release should be made known to the witness before he testifies. — Brown v. Brown, 5 Ala. 508; Seymour v. Strong, 4 Hill, 255; Kyle v. Bostick, 10 Ala. 589. The deposition was taken in Arkansas; and the release was written on the same sheet with the commission, was sent to the commissioner, and returned by him. These are the only facts bearing upon the point; and from them it is impossible to deduce any thing more than a 'probability, that a knowledge of the release was communicated to the witness, before he testified. The antecedent knowledge of the release was a fact to be proved, before it could become the predicate of judicial action; and it would have been wrong for the court to have treated that fact as proved, by testimony from which it was not fairly inferrible. — Scott v. Cox, 20 Ala. 294.

The case of Seymour v. Strong, supra, differs from this. In that case, the commissioner was requested to show the release to the witness. No such request was proved in this case. On that account, the decision in that case is no authority here; and it is unnecessary for us to determine, whether upon the same facts we would follow it, in presuming that the commissioner did as requested, by exhibiting the release to the witness before he testified. It was not the duty of the commissioner to inform the witness of the release. His only duty under the commission consisted in taking the deposition. The duty was not imposed upon him by request or command. It was not necessary that the witness should, before testifying, see the commission; or, if he did see it, it would not follow that he perceived and read the release. It therefore follows, that neither the presumption that the commissioner did his duty, nor the presumption that the commissioner would do as requested, nor the presumption that the witness did all which it was necessary for him to do, avails to prove that the witness knew of the release before he testified.

2. The question, whether a motion to suppress the deposition before tbe trial was necessary, is to be determined by tbe law existing before tbe Code was adopted, for tbe suit was commenced in 1850. Full and specific objections to tbe examination of tbe witness, on tbe ground of incompetency from interest, precede tbe cross interrogatories, wbicb purport to be filed for tbe purpose of providing for tbe contingency of tbe commissioner’s overruling tbe objections. Tliere can, therefore, be no question, that tbe objection was made at tbe earliest possible time. Tbe objection having been made in due time, tbe law, as settled in this State before tbe Code, compels us to dissent from tbe proposition, that a motion to suppress before tbe trial was necessary. — Bryant v. Ingraham, 16 Ala. 116; Jordan v. Jordan, 17 Ala. 466. There is no case or principle known to us, wbicb would make a motion to suppress tbe deposition tbe only mode of taking advantage of tbe incompetency of tbe witness from interest.

3. Tbe plaintiff offered tbe deposition, accompanied by tbe release; and admitted, that tbe witness was incompetent without tbe release. Tbe defendant then objected to tbe deposition, upon tbe ground that there was no evidence that the witness knew of tbe release. Tbe court sustained tbe objection. Tbe objection made was certainly definite and specific. It was not necessary that the defendant should have pointed out tbe reason why tbe witness was interested, when bis interest was admitted by tbe plaintiff. Tbe objection wbicb precedes the cross interrogatories was certainly sufficiently specific and definite, to inform tbe complainant of its nature, and of tbe ground upon wbicb it was predicated, and to enable him to remove it, if be chose to do so; and that is certainly all that tbe law could require him to do. Tbe declaration itself, taken in connection with tbe objection, would indicate clearly to tbe plaintiff, for what judgment tbe witness was interested in making tbe defendant liable.

"We have carefully examined tbe appellant’s several arguments, and we can find no error in tbe rulings of tbe circuit court. We must, therefore, affirm tbe judgment, notwithstanding it may seem to us, that the cause of justice would be promoted bj a reversal. Our only power is to revise the decisions of the court below upon questions of law.