Morgan v. State , 33 Ala. 413 ( 1859 )

STONE, J.—

The explanatory charge given by the-court in this case, cannot be supported. It ignores one-of the material facts which constitute the offense for which the prisoner was on trial.. The defendant was not guilty as charged, unless he committed the assault, and: this act was done with a special intent to kill and murder-the person assaulted. In. Ogle-tree’s case, 28 Ala. 693, we-said, “ The defendant is indicted, not merely for what he-has effected, but for what he intended’ to effect; not only for his act, but for the intent with which he did that act.”

The facts of this case were proper for the consideration of the jury; and it was competent for that, body in its* deliberations, “to act-upon .those-presumptions which are-recognized by law, so far as they are applicable, and their own judgment and experience, as applied to all the circumstances in evidence.” It does not, however, result as a conclusive presumption of law, from the facts supposed in the charge, that the accused had the intent to take the life of Serimpshire. The surrounding circumstances should have been considered by the jury; and unless the jury were convinced that the prisoner entertained the particular intent to take the life of his adversary, then the prisoner could not be convieted of the higher crime. This particular intent reaches beyond the act done, and is a fact to be found preliminary to conviction, as necessary as the other fact itself, viz., that the assault was committed. In other words, while the law permits and commands juries to indulge all reasonable inferences from the facte in proof, it does not, proprio vigore, infer the one fact from the other.—See 1 Bish. Crim. Law, § 251.

In Miller v. The People, 5 Barbour’s Sup. Ct. 203, the defendants were indicted for exposing their bodies to other persons, “intending the morals of divers good and worthy citizens to debauch and corrupt.” The evidence tended to prove the exposure of the defendants’ persons. The recorder, in charging the jury, said, “The ■evidence was positive as to the offense charged having been committed; * * that as to the intent, the acts showed the intent; and if they were proved, that was all that was necessary.” The supreme court, in considering that charge, said: “ It is a general principle of evidence, that a man shall be taken to intend that which he does, or which is the immediate and natural consequence •of his act. But when an act, in itself indifferent, becomes criminal if it be done with a particular intent, then the intent must be alleged and proved. The intent in the present case was a material ingredient in the offense, and was a question of fact, under all the circumstances, for the consideration of the jury. * * * The charge withdrew this from the consideration of the jury as a question of fact.” The judgment was reversed on ¿he recorder’s charge to the jury.

In the case of Scitz v. The State, 23 Ala. 42, a question very similar to the one under discussion was considered. The jury returned a special verdict, finding the defendant “ guilty of striking with a loaded whip, calculated to produce death, without any cause or provocation.” On this verdict the court pronounced the- defendant “guilty in manner and form as charged in the indictment.” This court said, “An assault simply with intent to- frighten, maim or wound, without producing death, or for the purpose of inflicting punishment or disgrace, is equally consistent with the finding of the jury, as that it was an assault with intent to murder.”

So, in this case, an assault with intent to- frighten, maim or wound, is consistent with every fact supposed in the charge to the jury. That body could alone judge of the intent, and the court erred in withdrawing that inquiry from their consideration.

Judgment of the circuit court reversed, and cause remanded. Let the prisoner remain in custody, until discharged by due course of law.