Burrow v. Clifton , 186 Ala. 297 ( 1914 )

SAYRE, J. —

This bill Avas filed by appellee to enforce the specific performance of a contract by Avhich appellee’s husband, now dead, assumed to buy and appellant to sell a certain 80-acre tract of land in Randolph county, and to enjoin an action of ejectment brought by appellant against appellee for the recovery of the land. By the contract, of date December 20, 1909, appellee’s husband, W. L. Clifton, agreed to pay $900 in equal annual installments of $180, due November 1st in 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, and 1914. All installments paid, appellant agreed in writing to make a warranty deed. Clifton, with his Avife and minor children, went into possession, and since then the land has been occupied as a homestead. Clifton paid the first installment Avhen due, and, though he died before the due date of the second, he had anticipated that in good part, and his widow paid the balance Avhen due. Long before the third installment fell due, appellant brought his action at law against appellee for the recovery of the land. Thereupon, on August 26, 1912, appellee filed her bill.

As a bill for specific performance the bill cannot be maintained for two reasons: The bill is premature]y filed; to such a bill seasonably exhibited in the right of a deceased vendee his heirs must in the ordinary case be parties.—McKay v. Broad, 70 Ala. 377. And where the homestead is transmitted to and becomes absolute in minor children, they at least must be parties. So, then, the equity of the bill at this time depends upon the character of appellee’s interest in the land as widow of the deceased vendee and the necessity that the court of equity should intervene to protect her possession pending the performance of the contract.

Appellant makes the preliminary objection to appellee’s bill that the latter has mistaken the venue; that her bill should have been filed in Randolph county, where the land is. Appellant lives in Clay, and for that reason appellee’s bill was filed- in that county. Appellee, as the statute prescribing the venue of bills in equity .(Code, § 3093) has been construed,, might have filed her bill in either .county.—Ashurst v. Gibson, 57 Ala. 586; Harwell v. Lehman, 72 Ala. 345; Reeves v. Brown, 103 Ala. 537, 15 South. 824.

The statute, declaring the constitutional right, provides that the homestead of every resident of this state “shall be, to-the extent of any interest he may have therein, whether a fee or less estate, or whether held in common or in severalty, exempt.” — Code, § 4160. It also provides that “the homestead of any resident of this state, leaving surviving him at his death a widow and minor child or children * i:' shall be exempt from administration and the payment of debts in favor of such widow and minor children, -or either, in any event, during the life of the widow, or the minority of the child or children, whichever may last terminate.” —Section 4196. And in certain condition the title of the homestead vests absolutely in the widow and children. — Section 4198. So that decedent vendee had a homestead in the land, which, though his title was merely equitable, the Constitution and the statute exempted to him, cannot be denied.-—Tyler v. Jewett, 82 Ala. 93, 2 South. 905. This homestead right in the widow and children is subordinate to appellant’s security for the purchase money. But the right and title of decedent, on the other hand, could not be defeated, except by a failure to make the payments stipulated in the agreement of purchase or abandonment of the contract in some other way. Decedent’s right under the contract, constituting his title to the homestead, was transmitted by the statute to the widow, who took in common with the minor children as a necessary incident to and evidence of their right to the continued enjoyment of the homestead as exempt from administration or the payment of debts, other than the purchase price, or for division among heirs. If this were not so, “the homestead exemption would be deprived of the feature which chiefly recommends it to- favor.”—21 Cyc. 563; Garland v. Bostick, 118 Ala. 209, 23 South. 698. Whether the widow and children in this case have a fee, so to speak, in the equity, or some lesser estate, is immaterial. They are entitled, the widow as much as any of them, to their joint possession of the homestead. But appellee’s interest in the homestead, like that of her joint tenants,' being as yet a mere equity, which may or may not ripen into a legal title, and her right of possession not being secured by any contract between her and appellant, nor derived by inheritance from decedent, equity will extend its arm, pending the life of the contract, to prevent appellant ousting her possession by means of the legal title resident in him.—Tyler v. Jewett, supra.

The chancellor’s decree was correct and will be affiremd.

Affirmed.

Anderson, C. J., and McClellan and Somerville, JJ., concur.