Brilliant Coal Co. v. Barton , 205 Ala. 89 ( 1920 )

This is the second appeal in this case, 203 Ala. 38,81 So. 828. The pleadings on the last trial were the same as on the first, and are sufficiently shown in the report cited above. Errors now assigned are based on instructions given or refused and sundry rulings on questions of evidence.

Charge 2, given for plaintiff, was requested in an effort to explain a charge which had been given for the defendant. The explanatory charge might well have been refused, for that it asserted no proposition of law. Furthermore, as an explanation, it, along with the charge explained, failed of its purpose to aid the jury to an understanding of the issues in the cause because, though asserting in a way that defendant employer could not be held as an insurer of plaintiff employé's safety, it omitted to predicate defendant's duty to exercise reasonable diligence to that end, without which statement the charge, even if it had been otherwise unobjectionable, was incomplete and misleading. However, it contained no erroneous statement of law, and as a statement of fact it was no doubt correct as far as it went, so that reversible error cannot be affirmed of the court's action in submitting it to the jury.

The court in its oral charge to the jury said:

"If the animal was delivered to him [plaintiff] without reins, that was, in effect, a command by his superior to so drive the mule in the mine without reins."

Plaintiff before and at the time of his injury was employed by defendant to drive a mule in its mine. The evidence showed without contradiction, or the possibility of adverse inference, that the mule had been given in charge to plaintiff to be driven, as was customary, without reins. The mule swerved from the path on which it was being driven and so came into contact with and displaced the prop defendant had set up to hold up the rock which fell upon plaintiff. Several pleas imputed contributory negligence to plaintiff by reason that he undertook to drive the mule without reins. It is urged for error against that part of the court's charge quoted above that it was a charge upon the effect of the evidence and violated section 5362 of the Code, which inhibits the court to "charge upon the effect of the testimony, unless required to do so by one of the parties." The phraseology of the charge lends itself superficially to the argument for error; but it will be observed upon analysis that the only fact involved, viz., the delivery of the animal to plaintiff without reins, was stated with hypothesis, and that the further statement of the charge was not upon the effect of evidence but upon the legal effect of the fact hypothesized. That legal effect was correctly stated. It was so held on the former appeal. There was no reversible error in giving the charge.

After appellee's witness Sam Cain had testified on cross-examination that "in mining a man who is doing the work has to use his judgment about the proper thing to do with reference to the roof," the court sustained an objection to defendant's next question, "It depends on the conditions as they appear to exist in each particular place?" The question called for and expected an expression of opinion by the witness that would have amounted to a truism. All human conduct depends on circumstances or conditions as they appear. We cannot conceive that defendant, by this ruling of the court, lost anything the denial of which would justify a reversal of the judgment in this cause, and it is of no consequence in this regard that at other points the court may have allowed the plaintiff to ask similar questions.

There was no error in allowing plaintiff to show that since his injury he had been unable to get employment or that he had never had much schooling. Plaintiff had alleged permanent injury and claimed damages for decreased earning capacity. The proof tended to sustain his allegation and claim, and the testimony here in question was by the court admitted to the jury for the limited purpose of shedding light on the claim of damages for decreased earning capacity. It tended to prove that plaintiff's injury had affected his ability to earn a living in the line of work he had previously followed and that clerical employment was not open to him. M. O. R. Co. v. George,94 Ala. 199, 222, 10 So. 145; Helton v. Ala. Midland R. Co.,97 Ala. 275, 12 So. 276; 17 Cyc. 900-904.

The proposition of charge 11, refused to defendant, was substantially and fairly covered by the oral charge and by special instructions. Its refusal is therefore not a cause for reversal. Code, § 5364, as amended, Acts 1915, p. 815.

Charge 17 was properly refused to defendant. Considered with reference to the testimony, it amounted to the general affirmative charge for defendant. The charge was radically wrong in failing to hypothesize negligence on the part of plaintiff.

Charge 23. The fact that the prop was six or eight feet from the track along which the mule usually traveled was to be considered by defendant in its dealing with that prop. Nevertheless the degree of care to be exercised with respect to it was precisely the degree to be exercised by defendant for the care of its employés while engaged in the performance of their duties; everywhere and always it was its duty to exercise reasonable care; but the charge seemed to derogate from this proposition, may have been misunderstood by the jury, and so was refused without error.

Charge 52 was properly refused, because, while purporting to enlighten the jury in respect to what constituted negligence, it failed of any useful definition. It was partial, imperfect, and misleading.

Defendant's duty in the premises, or responsibility for consequences, was not to be limited by the actual anticipation of its bank boss, or superintendent. "A person guilty of negligence is responsible for all consequences which prudent and experienced men, fully acquainted with all the circumstances which in fact existed, whether they could have been ascertained by reasonable diligence or not, would, at the time of the negligent act, have thought reasonably possible to follow, if they had occurred to his mind." Woodward Iron Co. v. Gamble, 203 Ala. 20, 81 So. 810. Charge 61 was therefore well refused to defendant.

We have considered seriatim every assignment of error argued in brief for appellant without finding error to justify a reversal.

Affirmed.

ANDERSON, C. J., and GARDNER and BROWN, JJ., concur.