McGrew v. State , 21 Ala. App. 266 ( 1926 )

The offense charged against the appellant was the violation of the state prohibition laws, and the prosecution originated by affidavit and warrant issued by the judge of the inferior court at Bessemer; the warrant being returnable direct to the circuit court. From a judgment of conviction in the circuit court, this appeal was taken.

It was insisted by demurrer and otherwise that the inferior court of Bessemer had jurisdiction and authority to hear and finally determine this case, and was therefore without authority to make the warrant returnable to the circuit court. However, this insistence is wholly without merit, and is in the very teeth of the statutory provisions governing the questions involved. Local Acts 1923, p. 43 et seq. By said act, the "Bessemer court of misdemeanors was created and established, and section 2 of said act provides:

"That the judge of the inferior court of Bessemer, Alabama. shall be and shall act as the ex officio judge of the Bessemer court of misdemeanors. Any judge or person authorized to act as judge of said inferior court of Bessemer, shall by virtue thereof be authorized to and shall act as ex officio judge of said Bessemer court of misdemeanors."

The act, also expressly provides that said court shall not have jurisdiction of offenses for violation of the prohibition laws; and by section 5 of said act, in addition to other duties and authority, it is provided that said ex officio judge of said court may take affidavits and issue warrants in misdemeanor cases directly returnable to any other court having jurisdiction thereof, although his court has final jurisdiction of said misdemeanors.

The affidavit or complaint, in proper form and substance, sufficiently charged the offense complained of; therefore other objections to the complaint, by demurrer or otherwise, were properly not sustained.

We cannot predicate reversible error upon the action of the court in refusing to continue this case upon motion of defendant. Carr v. State, 16 So. 150, 104 Ala. 4, 14; Biddle v. State, 100 So. 572, 20 Ala. App. 49.

It is insisted that the venue was not sufficiently proven. This insistence is without merit. The law is, in criminal cases it is not necessary to prove in express terms that the offense was committed in the county (here, subdivision of the county) where the indictment was found; evidence from which the jury could so infer is sufficient. Tinney v. State, 20 So. 597,111 Ala. 74. In the case at bar, state witness Stephenson testified on this subject that the offense complained of occurred at Keys Hill (in fact all the evidence is to that effect). The witness testified, "If Keys Hill is not in beat 55, it is in beat 53." Reference to the act, supra, discloses that both beats 53 and 55 are in the territorial subdivision over which the Bessemer court of misdemeanors has jurisdiction; and the Bessemer division of the circuit court of Jefferson county also has jurisdiction of beats 53 and 55, by virtue of an act of the Legislature approved August 18, 1919 (Local Acts 1919, p. 62 et seq.). See, also Hardeman v. State, 99 So. 53, 19 Ala. App. 563. Moreover, the general charge was not requested by defendant, predicated upon failure of proof as to venue, as required by circuit and inferior courts rule 35. Volume 4, Code 1923, p. 907.

Over the objection of defendant, the court allowed the state to prove by its witness Stephenson that, at the time of the alleged commission of the offense, the defendant, a woman, was coming out of the house dressed in men's overalls. It is seriously insisted that this testimony was calculated to cast opprobrium upon the accused, but we are not prepared to so hold, in view of the changed conditions of these modern times. However, the matter involved was of the res gestæ, and therefore admissible.

The undisputed evidence in this case disclosed that the arresting officers apprehended this appellant as she was coming out of her house dressed in overalls, and at that time she had in her possession a gallon jug full of whisky, and that, upon further search, the officers found large quantities of whisky in her house where she lived. These facts, coupled with her explanations as to her possession of the whisky, etc., made a question for the jury; and this court is clearly of the opinion that the evidence adduced upon this trial was ample to justify the jury in the verdict rendered, and to sustain the judgment of conviction from which this appeal was taken.

It is next insisted that the solicitor resorted to improper remarks during his closing argument to the jury and that the court committed reversible error in its rulings in this connection. It appears from the record that objections were interposed to three separate statements made by the solicitor in his closing argument. As to the first two of these remarks, it does not appear that motion was made to exclude them, and this is necessary in order to properly present the question for revision. There was objection and also motion to exclude the last of the three remarks complained of, and exception duly reserved to the overruling of the objection and denying the motion to exclude. An examination of each of the remarks complained of discloses that such remarks were mere conclusions and not statements of facts; and, in order for a statement to come within the rule which prescribes the limits of fair discussion —

"the statement must be made as of fact; the fact stated must be unsupported by any evidence, must be pertinent to the issue, or its natural tendency must be to influence the finding of the jury." Cross case, 68 Ala. 476.

While this is the rule, it is also true that the law contemplates a fair and impartial trial to every person upon trial for a criminal offense. It is true, too, that a prosecuting officer should be zealous in the discharge of his duties, and it is proper to urge a fearless and unflinching administering of the criminal law; but the law does not contemplate, nor is it any part of the duty of a prosecuting officer to resort to gross and unwarranted vituperation, abuse, and appeals to prejudice in order to foster convictions upon an accused. In this connection special reference is made to the case of Rowe v. State, 101 So. 91,20 Ala. App. 119. As stated in the Rowe Case, supra:

"If prosecuting attorneys and counsel employed in the defense would guard their utterances and regulate their conduct in the trial of a case as outlined in above [quoted] excerpt * * * few if any cases, would be reversed on appeal because of improper, erroneous, or mistaken conduct upon the part of counsel."

There was no error in refusing charge 23, requested by defendant. This charge pretermits the consideration of material evidence adduced upon this trial, which tended to show that the arresting officers saw the defendant in actual possession of one gallon of whisky, and also found large quantities upon her premises. The charge is otherwise objectionable.

Charge 28 uses the words "possibility of the defendant's innocence." This charge was properly refused. A possibility of innocence does not require and will not justify an acquittal. Sims v. State, 14. So. 560, 100 Ala. 23: Nichols v. State, 14 So. 539, 100 Ala. 23. There is a wide difference between a "probability" of innocence, and "possibility" of innocence. Sims' Case, supra.

The insistence by counsel for appellant, that the court erred in its oral charge, is not presented, as no exception to any portion of the court's oral charge is noted.

We have considered and discussed every insistence of error here presented. They are all clearly without merit. No error appears on the record proper. The judgment of conviction in the lower court is affirmed.

Affirmed.