Kelli Ward v. Constance Jackson ( 2020 )


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  •                              SUPREME COURT OF ARIZONA
    KELLI WARD,                       )            Arizona Supreme Court
    )            No. CV-20-0343-AP/EL
    Plaintiff/Appellant, )
    )            Maricopa County
    v.               )            Superior Court
    )            No. CV2020-015285
    CONSTANCE JACKSON; FELICIA        )
    ROTELLINI; FRED YAMASHITA; JAMES )
    MCLAUGHLIN; JONATHAN NEZ; LUIS    )
    ALBERTO HEREDIA; NED NORRIS;      )
    REGINA ROMERO; SANDRA D.          )
    KENNEDY; STEPHEN ROE LEWIS; and, )
    STEVE GALLARDO,                   )            FILED 12/08/2020
    )
    Defendants/Appellees, )
    )
    and                               )
    )
    KATIE HOBBS, in her official      )
    capacity as the Arizona Secretary )
    of State; ADRIAN FONTES, in his   )
    official capacity as the Maricopa )
    County Recorder; and the MARICOPA )
    COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS,      )
    )
    Intervenors. )
    )
    __________________________________)
    DECISION ORDER
    The   Court    accepted      jurisdiction    of    this    expedited     election
    appeal   and   en   banc   has    considered    the   record,   the   trial    court’s
    December 4, 2020 minute entry, and the briefing of Appellant Kelli
    Ward, Defendant Biden Electors, Intervenors Maricopa County and the
    Secretary of State, and amicus curiae The Lincoln Project.
    The   Secretary       duly   certified    the    statewide    canvass     and   on
    Arizona Supreme Court No. CV-20-0343-AP/EL
    Page 2 of 7
    November 30, 2020, she and the Governor signed the certificate of
    ascertainment for presidential electors, certifying that in Arizona
    the Biden Electors received 1,672,143 votes and the Trump Electors
    received 1,661,686 votes (a difference of 10,457 votes out of a total
    of 3,333,829 cast for these two candidates).                       Although slim, the
    margin was outside the one-tenth of one percent of the total number
    of votes cast for both of the presidential electors which is the
    statutory trigger for an automatic recount. A.R.S. § 16-661(A)(1).
    The Secretary’s certification followed Maricopa County’s audit.
    Under      Arizona    law,     the   county   officer   in   charge    of     the   election
    conducts a hand count prior to the canvass.                  A.R.S. § 16-602(B).         The
    statute provides detailed instructions on the hand count process, and
    in this case the November 9, 2020 Maricopa County hand count included
    5000 early ballots and a hand count of Election Day Ballots from two-
    percent of the vote centers.              The audit revealed no discrepancies in
    the tabulation of the votes between hand count totals and machine
    totals.        The County completed its canvass on November 23, 2020.1
    Maricopa County is the only county implicated in this proceeding.
    Appellant filed her contest under A.R.S. § 16-673 raising three
    statutory bases for a challenge under A.R.S. § 16-672 which include
    “misconduct”         by   an   election   board   or    officer;      “[o]n    account    of
    illegal votes”; or “[t]hat by reason of erroneous count of votes the
    1
    https://azsos.gov/sites/default/files/2020_General_Maricopa_Hand_Count.pdf
    Arizona Supreme Court No. CV-20-0343-AP/EL
    Page 3 of 7
    person    declared    elected      ...   did   not    in   fact    receive       the   highest
    number of votes.”         A.R.S. § 16-672(A)(1), (4) and (5).                In her First
    Amended Complaint, Appellant sought the inspection of an unspecified
    number    of    ballots    under    A.R.S.     §     16-677,      which   authorizes      the
    inspection of ballots before preparing for trial after the statement
    of contest has been filed.
    Under Arizona law, “If any ballot, including any ballot received
    from   early    voting,     is   damaged,      or    defective      so    that    it   cannot
    properly be counted by the automatic tabulating equipment, a true
    duplicate copy shall be made of the damaged ballot in the presence of
    witnesses      and   substituted     for   the      damaged    ballot.     All     duplicate
    ballots shall be clearly labeled ‘duplicate’ and shall bear a serial
    number that shall be recorded on the damaged or defective ballot.”
    A.R.S. § 16-621(A).
    In this election, Maricopa County had 27,869 duplicate ballots
    pertaining to the Presidential Electors. Witness testimony explained
    that   “duplicate     ballots”      include    those       reflecting     “overvotes”      or
    votes for more than one candidate; overseas ballots; and ballots that
    are damaged or otherwise cannot be machine tabulated.                              The trial
    court also heard testimony from a number of witnesses who presented
    credible testimony that they saw errors in which the duplicate ballot
    did not accurately reflect the voter’s apparent intent as reflected
    in the original ballot.
    Before the trial, the parties conducted a review of randomly
    Arizona Supreme Court No. CV-20-0343-AP/EL
    Page 4 of 7
    chosen sample ballots.            The first review was of 100 ballots and the
    second was of 1526 ballots, and of the 1626 total, there were nine
    errors, (1617 correct duplicate ballots) that if correct would have
    given the Trump Electors an additional seven votes and the Biden
    Electors an additional two votes. The Secretary maintains that this
    constitutes      an    error    of     no   more    than    0.37%    within    the     sample.
    Appellant argues that the error rate was 0.55%, and the trial court
    concluded       the    results       were    “99.45%       accurate.”      When      this    is
    extrapolated      to   the     total    number     of    duplicate   ballots      it   is   not
    sufficient to come close to warranting a recount under A.R.S. § 16-
    661.
    Although Appellant requested additional time and the opportunity
    to    review    additional      ballots,      Appellant      offered      no   evidence      to
    establish that the 1626-ballot sample was inadequate to demonstrate
    any    fraud,    if    present.        As   the    trial    court    noted,    this    review
    confirmed      the    witness    testimony        that   there   were    mistakes      in   the
    duplication process, the mistakes were few, and when brought to the
    attention of election workers, they were fixed.                         Extrapolating this
    error rate to all 27,869 duplicate ballots in the county would result
    in a net increase of only 103 votes based on the 0.37% error rate or
    153 votes using the 0.55% error rate, neither of which is sufficient
    to call the election results into question.
    The parties also presented evidence after reviewing a sample of
    the envelope signatures on mail-in ballots.                   Their experts determined
    Arizona Supreme Court No. CV-20-0343-AP/EL
    Page 5 of 7
    that out of 100 signatures, six to eleven of the signatures were
    “inconclusive” but neither expert could identify any sign of forgery
    or   simulation     and   neither        could   provide    any      basis    to    reject    the
    signatures.
    Election      contests      are    “purely     statutory       and     dependent      upon
    statutory provisions for their conduct.” Fish v. Redeker, 
    2 Ariz. App. 602
       (1966).        Elections       will    not    be   held       invalid   for     mere
    irregularities       unless   it    can     be     shown   that      the    result   has     been
    affected     by    such   irregularity.          Territory      v.    Board    of    Sup’rs    of
    Mohave County, 
    2 Ariz. 248
     (1887).                   The validity of an election is
    not voided by honest mistakes or omissions unless they affect the
    result, or at least render it uncertain. Findley v. Sorenson, 
    35 Ariz. 265
    , 269 (1929).           Where an election is contested on the ground
    of illegal voting, the contestant has the burden of showing that
    sufficient illegal votes were cast to change the result, Morgan v.
    Board of Sup’rs, 
    67 Ariz. 133
     (1948).
    The legislature has expressly delegated to the Secretary the
    authority     to    promulgate     rules     and    instructions       for     early    voting.
    A.R.S. § 16-452(A).         After consulting with county boards and election
    officials, the Secretary is directed to compile the rules “in an
    official     instructions        and      procedures       manual.”            The     Election
    Procedures Manual or “EPM,” has the force of law. The Court recently
    considered a challenge to an election process and granted relief
    where the county recorder adopted a practice contrary to the EPM.
    Arizona Supreme Court No. CV-20-0343-AP/EL
    Page 6 of 7
    Arizona Pub. Integrity All. v. Fontes, ___ Ariz. ___, 
    475 P.3d 303
    ,
    305 (Ariz. November 5, 2020). Here, however, there are no allegations
    of any violation of the EPM or any Arizona law.
    Intervenor Maricopa County argues that the trial court could not
    entertain this challenge under A.R.S. § 16-672(A) which authorizes a
    contest of the “election of any person declared elected to state
    office.”      Intervenors/Defendants/Amicus contend that the Court must
    decide this matter within the “safe harbor” deadline of 
    3 U.S.C. § 5
    .
    The Court concludes, unanimously, that the trial judge did not
    abuse his discretion in denying the request to continue the hearing
    and permit additional inspection of the ballots. The November 9, 2020
    hand count audit revealed no discrepancies in the tabulation of votes
    and the statistically negligible error presented in this case falls
    far short of warranting relief under A.R.S. § 16-672. Because the
    challenge fails to present any evidence of “misconduct,” “illegal
    votes”   or    that    the   Biden   Electors    “did    not   in   fact    receive   the
    highest number of votes for office,” let alone establish any degree
    of   fraud    or   a   sufficient     error     rate    that   would   undermine      the
    certainty of the election results, the Court need not decide if the
    challenge was in fact authorized under A.R.S. § 16-672 or if the
    federal “safe harbor” deadline applies to this contest.                    Therefore,
    IT IS ORDERED affirming the trial court decision and confirming
    the election of the Biden Electors under A.R.S. § 16-676(B).
    IT IS FURTHER ORDERED directing Defendants/Intervenors to file a
    Arizona Supreme Court No. CV-20-0343-AP/EL
    Page 7 of 7
    response, which may be a collective response, to Appellant’s Motion
    to Unseal Exhibits no later than Friday, December 11, 2020.
    IT   IS   FURTHER   ORDERED   denying   the   Secretary’s   request   for
    attorneys’ fees under A.R.S. § 12-349.
    DATED this 8th day of December, 2020.
    _____/S/_________________
    ROBERT BRUTINEL
    Chief Justice
    TO:
    Dennis I Wilenchik
    N L Miller Jr
    John D Wilenchik
    Sarah R Gonski
    Daniel A Arellano
    Roy Herrera
    Joseph I Vigil
    Joseph Branco
    Thomas P Liddy
    Emily M Craiger
    Joseph Eugene La Rue
    Roopali H Desai
    Kristen M Yost
    Susan M Freeman
    Bruce E Samuels
    Hon. Randall H Warner
    Hon. Jeff Fine
    

Document Info

Docket Number: CV-20-0343-AP-EL

Filed Date: 12/8/2020

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 12/9/2020