State v. Eznack ( 2021 )

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF ARIZONA, Appellee,
v.
ARCHIE DAVID EZNACK, Appellant.
No. 1 CA-CR 20-0255
FILED 4-27-2021
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. CR2015-142530-001
The Honorable Howard D. Sukenic, Judge
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By Casey Ball
Counsel for Appellee
Bain & Lauritano PLC, Glendale
By Sheri M. Lauritano
Counsel for Appellant
STATE v. EZNACK
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Judge Randall M. Howe delivered the decision of the Court, in which Presiding
Judge Jennifer M. Perkins and Judge Maria Elena Cruz joined.
H O W E, Judge:
¶1 Archie David Eznack appeals his convictions and sentences for
burglary in the third degree, arguing insufficient evidence supports his
convictions. Eznack also claims he is entitled to additional presentence
incarceration credit. For the following reasons, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2 On August 6, 2014, employees at four businesses in an office
complex discovered property and financial documents were missing from their
workplaces. Police investigated and discovered that doors and desk drawers in
the offices had been forced open.
¶3 Almost one year later, a police officer arrested Eznack for an
unrelated matter. In the vehicle Eznack was driving, the officer found items that
the office employees reported missing. Eznack later admitted during a police
interview that he “removed items” from the business complex during the
evening of August 5, 2014.
¶4 The State charged Eznack with four counts of burglary in the
third degree, class 4 felonies. While on pretrial release, Eznack failed to appear
for a status conference in July 2016. The trial court issued a bench warrant, and
Eznack was later located in Nevada where he was serving a prison sentence for
an offense committed there. On May 14, 2018, Eznack was extradited to Arizona
to face the charges in this case.
¶5 Eznack waived counsel and represented himself at trial. At the
close of the State’s evidence, Eznack unsuccessfully moved for a judgment of
acquittal under Arizona Rule of Criminal Procedure (“Rule”) 20, and the jury
subsequently found him guilty as charged. Based on Eznack’s prior felony
convictions, the trial court imposed concurrent minimum terms of 8 years’
imprisonment and awarded 798 days’ presentence incarceration credit. Eznack
timely appealed.
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STATE v. EZNACK
Decision of the Court
DISCUSSION
I. Sufficiency of Evidence
¶6 Eznack argues that his convictions should be vacated because the
trial court erred by denying his motion for judgment of acquittal. Under Rule 20,
a court must enter a judgment of acquittal if after the close of evidence on either
side no substantial evidence supports a conviction on any offense charged. See
Ariz. R. Crim. P. 20(a)(1). We review a claim of insufficient evidence de novo.
State v. West, 226 Ariz. 559, 562 ¶ 15 (2011).
¶7 A person commits burglary in the third degree by entering or
remaining unlawfully in a nonresidential structure with the intent to commit any
theft or felony. See A.R.S. § 13–1506(A)(1). Sufficient evidence of burglary may
be direct or circumstantial and “is such proof that reasonable persons could
accept as adequate” to “support a conclusion of defendant’s guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt.” State v. Borquez, 232 Ariz. 484, 487 ¶¶ 9, 11 (App. 2013). “To
set aside a jury verdict for insufficient evidence it must clearly appear that upon
no hypothesis whatever is there sufficient evidence to support the conclusion
reached by the jury.” State v. Arredondo, 155 Ariz. 314, 316 (1987). Stated
differently, “[r]eversible error based on insufficiency of the evidence occurs only
where there is a complete absence of probative facts to support the conviction.”
State v. Soto-Fong, 187 Ariz. 186, 200 (1996) (citation omitted). We view the facts
in the light most favorable to sustaining the verdicts. State v. Payne, 233 Ariz. 484,
509 ¶ 93 (2013).
¶8 Here, the State provided testimony from individuals identifying
items they discovered were missing from their offices on August 6, 2014. None
of them knew Eznack or gave him permission to take the items. Surveillance
video from one of the businesses showed two individuals entering the office the
evening of August 5, 2014 and leaving with a safe and other items. Eznack
admitted he was one of the men in the video and that he appeared to be
committing a burglary. Eznack also admitted to possessing the items reported
missing when they were found in the car he was driving. Substantial evidence
reasonably supported a conclusion that Eznack entered the offices unlawfully,
intending to commit theft.
¶9 Eznack nonetheless argues that insufficient evidence identified
him as the individual who took items from the offices, and the State therefore
failed to prove he entered the offices intending to commit a theft. We find no
merit to this argument. Pursuant to A.R.S. § 13–1802(A)(1), theft occurs when a
defendant knowingly “[c]ontrols property of another with the intent to deprive
him of such property.” By his own admission, Eznack and Eznack’s accomplice
forcibly entered the office building and one of them emerged with a safe. At
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STATE v. EZNACK
Decision of the Court
minimum, Eznack acted as an accomplice to the theft sufficient to sustain a third-
degree burglary conviction. See State v. Aro, 188 Ariz. 521, 524 (App. 1997)
(affirming a conviction for third-degree burglary of a vehicle when defendant’s
accomplice took control of the vehicle). Furthermore, Eznack was found to be in
control of papers from the safe a year later. Sufficient evidence supports a
conclusion that Eznack committed the third-degree burglary beyond a
reasonable doubt and the trial court properly denied Eznack’s motion for
judgment of acquittal.
II. Presentence Incarceration Credit
¶10 Eznack also argues that he is entitled to presentence incarceration
credit for time he spent in custody from January 26, 2018, the date the detainer
was issued to secure his extradition to Arizona, to May 14, 2018, the day he was
extradited. We disagree.
¶11 All time actually spent in custody pursuant to an offense until the
prisoner is sentenced for the offense shall be credited against the term of
imprisonment. A.R.S. § 13–712(B). The presentence incarceration credit statute,
however, allows “credit only for time spent in custody pursuant to the offense
for which a defendant is sentenced.” State v. Gourdin, 156 Ariz. 337, 339 (App.
1988).
¶12 Here, Eznack was in custody in Nevada for an unrelated matter
from January 26 to May 14, 2018. Although Eznack was on detainer status in this
case from January 26 to May 14, 2018, he was serving his Nevada sentence during
that time and was, therefore, not in custody pursuant to the charges in this case.
See State v. San Miguel, 132 Ariz. 57, 60–61 (App. 1982) (construing “time actually
spent in custody pursuant to an offense” to preclude awarding presentence
incarceration credit for defendant’s custody in probation revocation matter that
resulted from the charged offense). Accordingly, Eznack was not entitled to
credit for the 109 days between January 26 and May 14, 2018. See State v.
Bridgeforth, 156 Ariz. 58, 59 (App. 1986) (concluding trial court erred by awarding
presentence credit for time defendant spent imprisoned on unrelated matter).
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STATE v. EZNACK
Decision of the Court
CONCLUSION
¶13 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.
AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA
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