Heuchan v. Lipko ( 2018 )


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  •                      NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
    UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
    AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
    IN THE
    ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
    DIVISION ONE
    In re the Matter of:
    CHARLES JACOB HEUCHAN, Petitioner/Appellee,
    v.
    ASHLEY N. LIPKO, Respondent/Appellant.
    No. 1 CA-CV 17-0046 FC
    FILED 1-30-2018
    Appeal from the Superior Court in Yuma County
    No. S1400DO201400270
    The Honorable John P. Plante, Judge
    VACATED AND REMANDED
    COUNSEL
    Mary Katherine Boyte PC, Yuma
    By Mary K. Boyte Henderson
    Counsel for Respondent/Appellant
    MEMORANDUM DECISION
    Presiding Judge Michael J. Brown delivered the decision of the Court, in
    which Judge Jennifer B. Campbell and Judge Jennifer M. Perkins joined.
    HEUCHAN v. LIPKO
    Decision of the Court
    B R O W N, Judge:
    ¶1           Ashley Lipko (“Mother”) appeals the superior court’s orders
    modifying parenting time and denying her motion for new trial. For the
    following reasons, we vacate the court’s May 2016 parenting time order and
    remand for proceedings consistent with this decision.
    FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
    ¶2             Mother and Charles Jacob Heuchan (“Father”) are the parents
    of one child, born in 2012. In March 2014, Father filed a petition to establish,
    as relevant here, legal decision-making and parenting time. At an
    evidentiary hearing in August 2015, the parties agreed that Mother would
    have sole legal decision-making authority. As to parenting time, the
    superior found that (1) “the domestic violence and abuse of Ms. Lipko [is]
    significant in calculating risk to the child,” (2) “Ms. Lipko left the home due
    to domestic violence,” and (3) “Father was brutal to her and to the dog.”
    Notwithstanding the domestic violence, the court determined “a few
    hours” of supervised parenting time on alternating Saturdays would not
    endanger the child.
    ¶3           In March 2016, Mother filed a notice of intent to relocate with
    the child to Colorado. Father filed a petition to prevent relocation,
    contending it would not allow a realistic opportunity for parenting time.
    Father requested that the superior court prohibit relocation and affirm the
    November 2015 parenting time order.
    ¶4               In May 2016, after a 30-minute hearing, the superior court
    allowed relocation of the child, and over Mother’s objection, ordered that
    Father have two (non-consecutive) weeks per year of unsupervised
    parenting time in Arizona. The court warned Father, “if there’s any bad
    behavior on your part, [the twice-a-year visits] probably aren’t going to
    happen the following year.” Father indicated he understood and stated,
    “I’m just – I - I mean . . . coming from the supervised visits every other week
    is - and then going to that is - it’s great. It’s amazing.” Mother implored that
    parenting time be supervised “for [the child’s] safety,” which was followed
    by the following exchange:
    THE COURT: Well, I think [the child’s] old enough
    now that you don’t need supervision. He can call you at any
    point in time. You can call him. You can check on him. He can
    talk. He'll be able to tell you if there's a problem, and there
    won't be any further --
    2
    HEUCHAN v. LIPKO
    Decision of the Court
    MS. LIPKO: He is four, and he’s not going to
    understand what it means if [Father’s] knocking his girlfriend
    around. He shouldn’t have to see that or even be put in a
    situation to where he can see that.
    THE COURT: Well, you better not be seeing it with ---
    while the child’s there.
    The court denied Mother’s motion for a new trial, and her timely appeal
    followed.
    DISCUSSION
    ¶5            Mother argues the superior court erred by modifying
    parenting time because Father did not request modification. When a court
    order establishes joint legal decision-making authority or parenting time for
    two Arizona parents, and one of the parents seeks to relocate the child
    outside of the state, the relocation is governed by Arizona Revised Statutes
    (“A.R.S.”) section 25-408(A). See Vincent v. Nelson, 
    238 Ariz. 150
    , 153,
    ¶¶ 9-10 (App. 2015). In assessing a relocation request, the superior court
    must, to the extent practicable, “make appropriate arrangements to ensure
    the continuation of a meaningful relationship between the child and both
    parents.” A.R.S. § 25-408(G). Mother concedes the issue of relocation may
    require modification of parenting time. See Owen v. Blackhawk, 
    206 Ariz. 418
    , 420–21, ¶¶ 8–12 (App. 2003). Although Mother suggests that her
    relocation “did not absolutely require a modification of parenting time,”
    she should have been “prepared for the possibility” the court would not
    agree with her. Cf. Sundstrom v. Flatt, 
    776 Ariz. Adv. Rep. 23
    , ¶ 7 (App. Oct.
    17, 2017) (rejecting mother’s argument that the superior court erred by
    awarding husband legal decision-making when he had not filed his own
    petition to modify legal decision-making).
    ¶6            That said, we agree with Mother that the superior court erred
    by modifying the parenting time order without making specific findings
    regarding the child’s best interests. Because this case involved a contested
    issue of parenting time, the court was required to consider best interests
    factors and “make specific findings on the record about all relevant factors
    and the reasons for which the decision is in the best interests of the child.”
    A.R.S. § 25-403(A), (B); see Hurd v. Hurd, 
    223 Ariz. 48
    , 51, ¶ 11 (App. 2009).
    Although we review a parenting time order for an abuse of discretion, Nold
    v. Nold, 
    232 Ariz. 270
    , 273, ¶ 11 (App. 2013), a parenting time order without
    the required best interests findings is deficient as a matter of law, Reid v.
    Reid, 
    222 Ariz. 204
    , 210, ¶ 20 (App. 2009). We therefore vacate the court’s
    3
    HEUCHAN v. LIPKO
    Decision of the Court
    order and remand for further proceedings. Because a decision concerning
    parenting time rests on the child’s best interests, on remand the parties must
    be allowed sufficient time to prepare and present all relevant evidence to
    the court. See Cruz v. Garcia, 
    240 Ariz. 233
    , 236, ¶ 11 (App. 2016).
    ¶7               The superior court also erred in failing to account for
    Father’s domestic violence (past and present) in determining a new
    parenting time arrangement. See A.R.S. § 25-403.03(F) (“If the court finds
    that a parent has committed an act of domestic violence, that parent has the
    burden of proving to the court’s satisfaction that parenting time will not
    endanger the child or significantly impair the child’s emotional
    development.”). Given the superior court’s 2015 findings relating to
    Father’s domestic violence, together with the allegations Mother briefly
    raised at the May 2016 relocation hearing, the record does not reflect that
    the court held Father to his burden. Father offered no evidence to prove
    the child would no longer be endangered or his emotional development
    impaired by unsupervised parenting time. See A.R.S. § 25–403.03(F).
    Instead, the court found credible Mother’s testimony that Father “yell[s]
    and yell[s] obscenities to me and my husband” over the telephone. The
    court explained to Father: “You have a history, at least. That’s the history.
    You know, when you have a history, sometimes you get wrongly accused.
    . . . That’s kind of the way it works, but she has no reason to lie about this,
    that you’re not pleasant on the phone.” And to the extent the court
    concluded that Father carried his burden under § 25-403.03(F) because the
    child was four years old and could “tell you if there’s a problem,” the court
    erred.
    ¶8             Finally, in determining whether to allow a contested
    relocation, the superior court must consider the child’s best interests by
    reference to the relevant factors listed in A.R.S. §§ 25–408(I) and–403. See
    A.R.S. § 25–408(G), (I); see also 
    Owen, 206 Ariz. at 420
    –21, ¶¶ 8–12. It was
    Mother’s burden to prove that moving to Colorado was in the child’s best
    interests. See A.R.S. § 25–408(G); Pollock v. Pollock, 
    181 Ariz. 275
    , 277 (App.
    1995). The record does not reflect the superior court evaluated the child’s
    best interests in allowing Mother to relocate to Colorado, but Father did not
    appeal or otherwise challenge the relocation order. Accordingly, we
    consider the issue waived. See State v. Carver, 
    160 Ariz. 167
    , 175 (1989)
    (“Failure to argue a claim usually constitutes abandonment and waiver of
    that claim.”)
    4
    HEUCHAN v. LIPKO
    Decision of the Court
    CONCLUSION
    ¶9            For the foregoing reasons, we vacate the May 2016 parenting
    time order and remand so the superior court can “perform the necessary
    statutory analysis.” See 
    Nold, 232 Ariz. at 274
    , ¶ 15.
    AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
    FILED: AA
    5
    

Document Info

Docket Number: 1 CA-CV 17-0046-FC

Filed Date: 1/30/2018

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 4/18/2021