Lopez v. Food City , 234 Ariz. 349 ( 2014 )

IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION TWO
MANUEL A. LOPEZ,
Plaintiff/Appellant,
v.
FOOD CITY,
Defendant/Appellee.
No. 2 CA-CV 2013-0105
Filed February 25, 2014
Appeal from the Superior Court in Pima County
No. C20116617
The Honorable Kenneth Lee, Judge
APPEAL DISMISSED
COUNSEL
Manuel A. Lopez, Tucson
In Propria Persona
Burch & Cracchiolo, P.A., Phoenix
By Daryl Manhart, Susanne E. Ingold, and Jessica Conaway
Counsel for Defendant/Appellee
OPINION
Judge Eckerstrom authored the opinion of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Kelly and Judge Espinosa concurred.
LOPEZ v. FOOD CITY
Opinion of the Court
E C K E R S T R O M, Judge:
¶1 Appellant Manuel Lopez appeals from the trial court’s
decision granting a motion for judgment as a matter of law in favor
of appellee Food City. Because we lack jurisdiction, we dismiss the
appeal as untimely.
¶2 Although Food City has not directly challenged the
jurisdiction of this court, it has suggested that jurisdiction may be
lacking, and “[t]his court has an independent duty to determine
whether it has jurisdiction to consider an appeal.” Reeck v. Mendoza,
232 Ariz. 299, ¶ 3, 304 P.3d 1122, 1123 (App. 2013). In general, a
notice of appeal filed before a final judgment is premature and
ineffective. Id. And a judgment is not final until it is signed. Ariz.
R. Civ. P. 58(a); see Baker v. Bradley, 231 Ariz. 475, ¶ 12, 296 P.3d 1011,
1015 (App. 2013) (unsigned minute entry not final judgment).
¶3 Lopez’s first notice of appeal was filed on April 19,
2013, and stated that he was appealing from the trial court’s
March 19, 2013 order. The court’s minute entry dated March 19
grants Food City’s motion for judgment as a matter of law.
However, this minute entry specifically states that it is signed “in
lieu of a formal judgment for Jury Fees only,” and it directs Food
City to “submit a formal order for the Court’s signature.” The
minute entry is therefore not final. Because the first notice of appeal
was filed before the entry of a final judgment, it was premature and
ineffective. See Craig v. Craig, 227 Ariz. 105, ¶ 13, 253 P.3d 624, 626
(2011) (notice of appeal filed in the absence of a final judgment is a
nullity).
¶4 Nor does the exception to the final judgment rule
articulated in Barassi v. Matison, 130 Ariz. 418, 422, 636 P.2d 1200,
1204 (1981), apply to this case. That exception applies only if the
notice of appeal is “filed after the trial court has made its final
decision, but before it has entered a formal judgment, if no decision
of the court could change and the only remaining task is merely
ministerial.” Smith v. Ariz. Citizens Clean Elections Comm’n, 212 Ariz.
407, ¶ 37, 132 P.3d 1187, 1195 (2006). Here, after the court granted
Food City’s motion for judgment as a matter of law, but before
Lopez filed his notice of appeal, Food City filed a statement of costs
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LOPEZ v. FOOD CITY
Opinion of the Court
that also sought sanctions pursuant to Rule 68(g), Ariz. R. Civ. P.
The court did not rule on Food City’s request until after Lopez’s
notice of appeal was filed. Therefore, at the time the notice of appeal
was filed, the issue of sanctions was still outstanding, which was a
non-ministerial matter requiring resolution by the court before the
judgment could become final. See Santee v. Mesa Airlines, Inc., 229
Ariz. 88, ¶¶ 7-8, 270 P.3d 915, 916-17 (App. 2012).
¶5 The final, signed judgment was entered on May 3, 2013.
But Lopez’s second notice of appeal was not filed until June 10, 2013,
and was therefore untimely. See Ariz. R. Civ. App. P. 9(a) (notice of
appeal must be filed within thirty days of entry of judgment).
¶6 Although we would arguably have jurisdiction to hear
Lopez’s appeal under the newly amended Rule 9(b)(2)(B), Ariz. R.
Civ. App. P., the amended rule does not apply to Lopez’s case.
Rule 9 as amended became effective January 1, 2014. Ariz. Sup. Ct.
Order R-13-0005 (Aug. 28, 2013). Under Rule 81, Ariz. R. Civ. P., an
amended rule governs all “actions or proceedings then pending,”
unless application of the amended rule would be infeasible or result
in injustice. Drozda v. McComas, 181 Ariz. 82, 86, 887 P.2d 612, 616
(App. 1994). However, Lopez’s case was not “pending” as of
January 1, 2014.
¶7 Black’s Law Dictionary defines “pending” as:
Begun, but not yet completed; during;
before the conclusion of; prior to the
completion of; unsettled; undetermined; in
process of settlement or adjustment.
Awaiting an occurrence or conclusion of
action, period of continuance or
indeterminacy. Thus, an action or suit is
“pending” from its inception until the
rendition of final judgment.
Black’s Law Dictionary 1134 (6th ed. 1990). In other words, a case that
has become final is no longer considered to be “pending.” Pima
Cnty. Assessor v. Ariz. State Bd. of Equalization, 195 Ariz. 329, ¶ 18, 987
P.2d 815, 820 (App. 1999). Lopez’s first notice of appeal, as
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LOPEZ v. FOOD CITY
Opinion of the Court
discussed above, was premature and ineffective. The final judgment
in Lopez’s case was entered on May 3, 2013. Lopez did not file a
new notice of appeal within thirty days of the entry of that judgment
as required by Rule 9(a). When the thirty-day time period ended,
after Monday, June 3, 2013, his case was no longer appealable. See
Ariz. R. Civ. P. 6(a); In re Marriage of Gray, 144 Ariz. 89, 90, 695 P.2d
1127, 1128 (1985) (“[T]imely filing of a notice of appeal is a
jurisdictional prerequisite to appellate review.”). Therefore, Lopez’s
case could not be considered “pending” on January 1, 2014, when
the amendments to the rule took effect.
¶8 Because we lack jurisdiction, Lopez’s appeal is
dismissed.
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