Maruna v. Spann ( 2021 )

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
In re the Matter of:
KATIE MARUNA, Petitioner/Appellant,
v.
JONATHAN MIGUEL SPANN, SR., Respondent/Appellee.
No. 1 CA-CV 21-0030 FC
FILED 9-28-2021
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. FC2017-052816
The Honorable Melissa Julian, Judge
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
Alongi Law Firm, PLLC, Phoenix
By Thomas P. Alongi
Counsel for Petitioner/Appellant
Keist Thurston O’Brien, Peoria
By Joel N. Thurston
Counsel for Respondent/Appellee
MARUNA v. SPANN
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Judge Maria Elena Cruz delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Cynthia J. Bailey and Judge Jennifer M. Perkins joined.
C R U Z, Judge:
¶1 Katie Maruna (“Mother”) appeals the superior court’s orders
modifying child support, denying her request for attorneys’ fees, and
denying her motion for amended judgment pursuant to Arizona Rule of
Family Law Procedure 83 (“Rule 83”). For the following reasons, we affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2 Mother and Jonathan Miguel Spann, Sr. (“Father”) were
married in 1999 and had four children. They divorced in 2018—three of the
children were minors at that time. The parties agreed that Father’s overtime
pay from his work as a police officer would not be included in his gross
income for calculation of his child support obligation, and the superior
court ordered Father to pay $800.00 per month in child support.
¶3 In 2020, Mother filed petitions to enforce the court’s order for
division of property and for medical expense reimbursement. Father filed
a petition to modify child support based on the emancipation of one of the
children, and the superior court held an evidentiary hearing on all three
petitions. Mother sought to have child support modified upward to
$1103.00, an amount she arrived at after including Father’s overtime pay in
his gross income.
¶4 The court ultimately lowered Father’s child support
obligation to $700.00 per month, ordered him to pay Mother $364.30 in
unreimbursed medical expenses, and to remove his name from the title of
a vehicle previously awarded to Mother. The court denied Mother’s and
Father’s requests for attorneys’ fees pursuant to Arizona Revised Statutes
(“A.R.S.”) section 25-324, finding that although there was a substantial
disparity in the parties’ income, both had behaved unreasonably. Mother
filed a Rule 83 motion to amend the judgment, which the superior court
denied. Mother timely appealed, and we have jurisdiction pursuant to
A.R.S. § 12-2101(A)(2).
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MARUNA v. SPANN
Decision of the Court
DISCUSSION
¶5 Mother first argues the superior court erred by failing to
include Father’s overtime pay in his gross income. We review the superior
court’s ruling on a petition for modification of child support for an abuse of
discretion. Milinovich v. Womack, 236 Ariz. 612, 615, ¶ 7 (App. 2015). An
abuse of discretion occurs when the record, viewed in the light most
favorable to upholding the superior court’s decision, does not support the
decision or when the court commits an error of law. Little v. Little, 193 Ariz.
518, 520, ¶ 5 (1999); Birnstihl v. Birnstihl, 243 Ariz. 588, 590, ¶ 8 (App. 2018).
“We will uphold the award unless it is devoid of competent evidence and
for any reason supported by the record.” Nia v. Nia, 242 Ariz. 419, 422, ¶ 7
(App. 2017) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). We interpret
the Arizona Child Support Guidelines (“the Guidelines”) de novo.
Hetherington v. Hetherington, 220 Ariz. 16, 21, ¶ 21 (App. 2008).
¶6 Without citation to legal authority, Mother argues that Father
had the burden to prove that his overtime pay should not be included in his
gross income. Because this argument lacks support, we reject it. See
Arizona Rule of Civil Appellate Procedure (“ARCAP”) 13(a)(7)(A); Brown
v. U.S. Fid. and Guar. Co., 194 Ariz. 85, 93, ¶ 50 (App. 1998).
¶7 In determining a party’s gross income, the Guidelines provide
that the superior court “may . . . consider income actually earned that is
greater than would have been earned by full-time employment if that
income was historically earned from a regular schedule and is anticipated
to continue into the future.” A.R.S. § 25-320 app. § 5(A) (emphasis added).
The Guidelines, however, also state that “[g]enerally, the court should not
attribute income greater than what would have been earned from full-time
employment. Each parent should have the choice of working additional
hours through overtime or at a second job without increasing the child
support award.” Id. Thus, the Guidelines do not suggest that the use of
voluntary overtime is favored in the calculation of gross income. Instead,
the court has the discretion to consider such additional income. Id. The
intent of the Guidelines “was to generally exclude only non-mandatory or
voluntary overtime from gross income,” thereby ensuring that a child
support award is based upon each parents’ regular income and permitting
either parent to work additional hours “without exposing that parent to the
treadmill effect of an ever-increasing child support obligation.” McNutt v.
McNutt, 203 Ariz. 28, 32, ¶ 17 (App. 2002) (citation and internal quotation
marks omitted).
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MARUNA v. SPANN
Decision of the Court
¶8 Here, the superior court found that Father’s overtime work
was not required by his employer and exercised its discretion under the
Guidelines to exclude Father’s overtime pay from his gross income. And,
although Father historically worked overtime, his paystubs demonstrate
that his overtime pay fluctuated. See A.R.S. § 25-320 app. § 5(A) (overtime
pay may only be included if it “was historically earned from a regular
schedule”) (emphasis added). During one two-week pay period, Father
worked 80 regular hours and 10 hours of overtime, but in the subsequent
pay period Father worked 80 regular hours and no overtime. The court
acted within its discretion in calculating Husband’s gross income.
¶9 Mother next argues the superior court abused its discretion
by failing to award her attorneys’ fees. We review an award of attorneys’
fees for an abuse of discretion. Magee v. Magee, 206 Ariz. 589, 590, ¶ 6 (App.
2004). The superior court abuses its discretion when it makes an error of
law in reaching a discretionary conclusion or when the record, viewed in
the light most favorable to upholding the court’s decision, is devoid of
competent evidence to support the decision. Savord v. Morton, 235 Ariz. 256,
259, ¶ 10 (App. 2014) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
¶10 The superior court may award attorneys’ fees in a dissolution
proceeding “after considering the financial resources of both parties and
the reasonableness of the positions each party has taken throughout the
proceedings.” A.R.S. § 25-324(A). Here, the superior court found that
although Father’s income was substantially greater than Mother’s income,
both parties had behaved unreasonably. The court declined to award either
party attorneys’ fees.
¶11 The superior court found that Mother failed to timely engage
in good faith settlement negotiations, thereby causing unnecessary
litigation over “very minimal financial issues” that could have been
resolved “much earlier.” Mother sought $426.08 from Father for
unreimbursed medical expenses. Before trial, Father offered Mother
$288.73—his attorney explained in a letter enclosed with the check that
Mother had included in her total of $426.08 (1) a dentist bill for $77.00 that
Father, not Mother, had paid (for which he was entitled to a credit of
$22.33), and (2) an optometrist bill for an individual who was not the
parties’ child. Mother refused to cash the check, and failed to engage in
settlement negotiations regarding any of the issues. At trial, Mother
requested $364.30 instead of $426.08, and the superior court ordered Father
to pay that amount. Thus, Mother gained less than $100 by litigating the
reimbursement issue, causing both parties to incur attorneys’ fees. The
possibility of settlement and the reasonableness of settlement offers may be
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MARUNA v. SPANN
Decision of the Court
considered by the court when awarding attorneys’ fees under A.R.S.
§ 25-324. Gutierrez v. Gutierrez, 193 Ariz. 343, 351, ¶ 34 (App. 1998). We find
no abuse of discretion.
¶12 Both parties request an award of attorneys’ fees and costs on
appeal pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-324. After considering the parties’ financial
resources and the reasonableness of the positions they have taken in this
matter, we decline to award attorneys’ fees on appeal to either party. As
the prevailing party, Father is entitled to his costs upon compliance with
ARCAP 21.
CONCLUSION
¶13 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.
AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA
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