Voice v. Hall ( 2023 )

IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
VOICE OF SURPRISE, et al., Plaintiffs/Appellants,
v.
SKIP HALL, et al., Defendants/Appellees.
No. 1 CA-CV 22-0696
FILED 4-27-2023
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. CV2022-013360
The Honorable Scott A. Blaney, Judge
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
Timothy A. La Sota, Phoenix
Counsel for Plaintiffs/Appellants
City of Surprise City Attorney’s Office, Surprise
By Robert Wingo, Ellen Van Riper, Melinda Bird
Counsel for Defendants/Appellees City of Surprise
VOICE, et al. v. HALL, et al.
Opinion of the Court
Gammage & Burnham, P.L.C., Phoenix
By Cameron C. Artigue
Counsel for Defendant/Appellee Dominium, Inc.
Berry Riddell, LLC, Scottsdale
By Jeffrey D. Gross
Counsel for Defendant/Appellee Truman Ranch 46 SWC LLC
OPINION
Presiding Judge Samuel A. Thumma delivered the opinion of the Court, in
which Judge Cynthia J. Bailey and Vice Chief Judge David B. Gass joined.
T H U M M A, Judge:
¶1 This expedited election appeal follows an attempt by
appellants Voice of Surprise and Quintus Schulzke (collectively, VOS) to
place on the 2022 general election ballot a referendum on a Surprise,
Arizona, City Council ordinance. After the City Clerk issued VOS a
referendum serial number, VOS obtained and timely submitted nearly
5,500 petition signatures. The City Clerk, however, rejected the signatures,
concluding VOS failed to “strictly comply” with the requirement that it
attach the ordinance being challenged when applying for the referendum
serial number.
¶2 VOS timely filed a statutory special action in superior court
challenging the City Clerk’s decision. VOS named as defendants the City
Clerk, the City of Surprise and the Mayor and members of the City Council
(collectively, the City). VOS also named as defendants property owners and
developers Truman Ranch 46 SWC LLC and Dominium, Inc. (collectively,
the Private Defendants), who supported the City Clerk’s decision. The
superior court affirmed the City Clerk’s decision, and VOS timely appeals.
The Private Defendants timely cross-appeal, claiming the ordinance was
not subject to referendum. Because VOS has shown no error, this court
affirms.
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VOICE, et al. v. HALL, et al.
Opinion of the Court
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶3 On August 16, 2022, by a 4 to 3 vote, the Surprise City Council
adopted Ordinance 2022-18, which approved a Preliminary Development
Plan for 46 acres of land in Surprise known as Truman Ranch Marketplace.
The ordinance implemented a Planned Area Development (PAD) and
annexation of the land approved in 2008.
¶4 VOS opposed the ordinance and, on August 19, 2022, asked
the City Clerk for paperwork to refer the ordinance to a referendum vote.
The City Clerk gave VOS a copy of the signed ordinance and the Arizona
Secretary of State 2022 Referendum Petition Packet. See Ariz. Rev. Stat.
(A.R.S.) §§ 19-111(C), -142(C) (2023).1 The Petition Packet included (1) an
“Application for Serial Number Initiative or Referendum Petition A.R.S. §
19-111” and (2) a “State of Arizona Committee Statement of Organization.”
VOS needed to complete and submit both to the City Clerk to receive a
referendum serial number. See A.R.S. § 19-111(A).
¶5 On August 29, 2022, VOS provided the City Clerk a
completed application for serial number and statement of organization. The
application, however, did not attach a copy of the ordinance, even though
the applicable statute required it to be attached. See A.R.S. § 19-111. The City
Clerk, however, accepted the documents VOS provided, assigned VOS a
referendum serial number, gave VOS a copy of the application and
informed VOS that it needed to submit 3,114 valid signatures on petition
sheets by September 19, 2022.
¶6 On September 16, 2022, VOS submitted to the City Clerk
petition sheets containing 5,432 signatures. After reviewing the submission,
the City Clerk concluded that VOS failed to strictly comply with statutory
requirements because the August 29, 2022 application for serial number did
not attach a copy of the ordinance. See A.R.S. § 19-101.01 (requiring
“persons using the referendum process strictly comply with . . .
constitutional and statutory requirements”). Dominium, Inc., one of the
Private Defendants, urged the City Clerk to reject the petition sheets for that
same reason, also arguing the petition sheets failed to include an adequate
description of the measure to be referred and that the ordinance was not a
“legislative act” subject to challenge by referendum.
1Absent material revisions after the relevant dates, statutes and rules cited
refer to the current version unless otherwise indicated.
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VOICE, et al. v. HALL, et al.
Opinion of the Court
¶7 On October 5, 2022, the City Clerk notified VOS that it rejected
the petition sheets because VOS’ August 29, 2022 application for serial
number did not attach a copy of the ordinance. See A.R.S. § 19-122
(requiring “a written statement of the reason for the refusal” to accept, or
further process, a petition). Two days later, VOS filed this statutory special
action, seeking a declaratory judgment and injunctive relief as well as
claiming equitable estoppel. VOS sought an order compelling the City
Clerk to transmit a five percent random sample of the signatures to the
Maricopa County Recorder for verification under A.R.S. § 19-121.01(B).
¶8 In opposition, the City argued VOS failed to strictly comply
with applicable law by not attaching a copy of the ordinance to the
application for serial number and that the ordinance was not a legislative
act subject to referendum. The Private Defendants joined the City’s
opposition, also arguing VOS failed to include an adequate description of
the measure to be referred on the petition sheets.
¶9 After briefing and an evidentiary hearing, the superior court
found that, by failing to attach a copy of the ordinance to its application for
serial number, VOS failed to strictly comply with the requirements of A.R.S.
§ 19-111(A), as mandated by A.R.S. § 19-101.01, meaning VOS was not
entitled to relief. VOS unsuccessfully moved for a new trial and for
reconsideration. After entry of a final judgment, VOS appealed, and the
Private Defendants cross-appealed. This court has appellate jurisdiction
under A.R.S. §§ 12-120.21 and 19-122(A) and ARCAP 10.
DISCUSSION
¶10 VOS argues that the City Clerk could not issue the serial
number when a copy of the ordinance was not attached to the application
for serial number and then, later, disqualify the petition signatures because
the ordinance was not attached to the application for serial number. In
doing so, VOS argues (1) Leach v. Reagan, 245 Ariz. 430 (2018) controls and
means VOS should prevail; (2) the superior court’s ruling makes A.R.S. §
19-121.01 surplusage and means strict compliance is not always required;
(3) requiring VOS to attach a copy of the ordinance was futile and should
not be required and (4) estoppel should apply to the City Clerk. The court
addresses these arguments in turn.
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VOICE, et al. v. HALL, et al.
Opinion of the Court
I. The Standard of Review and Statutory Requirements.
¶11 A superior court’s decision on a request for injunctive relief
after an evidentiary hearing is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. See Arrett
v. Bower, 237 Ariz. 74, 77 ¶ 7 (App. 2015). Statutory requirements, however,
present issues of law reviewed de novo. See Gemstar Ltd. v. Ernst & Young,
185 Ariz. 493, 499 (1996). VOS had the burden of proof in pressing this
challenge. See Arrett, 237 Ariz. at 77 ¶ 4.
¶12 VOS filed the statutory special action under A.R.S. § 19-
122(A), which authorizes relief where “the court finds that the petition is
legally sufficient.” That inquiry looks to compliance with “the prescribed
procedures” and “with the structural requirements of A.R.S. §§ 19-101 to -
143.” League of Ariz. Cities & Towns v. Brewer, 213 Ariz. 557, 560 ¶¶ 12-13
(2006).
¶13 As applicable here, a person or organization seeking to
challenge a proposed law by referendum “shall file . . . an application” that
includes, among other things, “the text of the proposed law, constitutional
amendment or measure to be . . . referred.” A.R.S. § 19-111(A).2 This
provision is to “be strictly construed.” A.R.S. § 19-101.01. More specifically,
by express statutory statement, “the legislature finds and declares its intent
that the constitutional and statutory requirements for the referendum be
strictly construed and that persons using the referendum process strictly
comply with those constitutional and statutory requirements.” A.R.S. § 19-
101.01.3 By failing to attach a copy of the ordinance to the application for
2 Although A.R.S. § 19-111 refers to filings with the Arizona Secretary of
State, the parties do not dispute that because the referendum here is from
the City’s action, the City Clerk must perform the functions that Title 19
assigns to the Secretary of State for a statewide referendum.
3 Asserting the superior court “seemed to believe that A.R.S. § 19-101.01
effected some change in the law,” VOS states that statute “did not” change
the law. The Arizona Supreme Court did require strict compliance with
referendum provisions before A.R.S. § 19-101.01 was enacted in 2015. See
W. Devcor, Inc. v City of Scottsdale, 168 Ariz. 426, 429 (1991) (“[W]e require
referendum proponents to comply strictly with applicable constitutional
and statutory provisions.”) (citation omitted); see also Comm. For Pres. of
Established Neighborhoods v. Riffel, 213 Ariz. 247, 249 ¶ 6 (App. 2006) (noting
strict compliance “requires nearly perfect compliance with constitutional
and statutory referendum requirements”). The source of the strict
compliance requirement, however, is not dispositive.
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VOICE, et al. v. HALL, et al.
Opinion of the Court
serial number, VOS failed to strictly comply with these statutory
requirements. The question then becomes whether VOS has otherwise
shown that the superior court erred.
II. Leach v. Reagan Does Not Require a Finding for VOS.
¶14 Arguing Leach v. Reagan, 245 Ariz. 430 (2018) “controls this
case,” VOS argues that the superior court erred in “finding that a City Clerk
has an absolute duty to disqualify a ballot measure in its entirety for any
deviation from the statutory requirements, however small, meaningless or
technical.” But as the superior court properly concluded, and as the City
argues on appeal, Leach does not show error here.
¶15 In Leach, private parties sought to challenge a competing
entity’s statement of organization that had been accepted by the Arizona
Secretary of State. 245 Ariz. at 434 ¶ 12. Although the accuracy of the
statement of organization was challenged, the Arizona Supreme Court held
that the private parties “did not have a private right of action to make this
challenge.” Id. at 434 ¶ 13; accord id. at 445 ¶ 73 (Gould, J., dissenting) (noting
majority “concludes that Plaintiffs, as private parties, have no remedy
under Title 19,” and “never reaches” compliance with Title 19). Leach held
that the private parties’ “claim can only be asserted under [A.R.S.] Title 16,
which sets forth the required contents for a statement of organization and
provides remedies for non-compliance.” Id. at 434 ¶ 14. In doing so, Leach
concluded that “nothing in Title 19 authorizes the Secretary to reject a
facially valid statement [of organization] that did not, in fact, comply with
§ 16-906(B).” Id. at 437 ¶ 26. Because Leach did not address the non-
compliance presented here, it does not require a finding for VOS.
III. Strict Compliance Under A.R.S. § 19-101.01 Does Not Make A.R.S.
§ 19-121.01 “Mere Surplusage.”
¶16 Along with the statutory “strict compliance” mandate, the
Legislature provided detailed, sequential requirements specifying the
review and verification process to determine the validity of signatures
provided in support of an initiative or referendum petition. See A.R.S. § 19-
121.01. Among other things, after those steps, and if the number of
signatures subject to verification “equals or exceeds the constitutional
minimum,” the signatures must be forwarded for verification. A.R.S. §§ 19-
121.01(B) & (D). That directive, VOS argues, means the City Clerk here was
required to forward the signatures for verification without regard to VOS’
failure to attach a copy of the ordinance to the application for serial number
required by A.R.S. § 19-111(A). To do otherwise, VOS argues, would
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VOICE, et al. v. HALL, et al.
Opinion of the Court
conflict with the directive that courts “interpret statutes to avoid rendering
any of its language mere ‘surplusage.’” Ariz. State Univ. Bd. of Regents v.
Ariz. State Ret. Sys., 242 Ariz. 387, 389 ¶ 7 (App. 2017) (citation omitted).
¶17 The “strict compliance” directive, however, applies to all
“constitutional and statutory requirements for the referendum.” A.R.S.
§ 19-101.01. That includes all relevant portions of Title 19, not (as VOS
suggests) just certain portions. Cf. City of Tempe v. Fleming, 168 Ariz. 454, 457
(App. 1991) (court “will not read into a statute something which is not
within the manifest intent of the legislature as indicated by the statute
itself”). Even more significantly, as the City notes, Arizona courts have
upheld decisions to reject referendum petitions for reasons other than
noncompliance as specified in A.R.S. § 19-121.01. See, e.g., Comm. For Pres.
of Established Neighborhoods v. Riffel, 213 Ariz. 247, 248 ¶ 2 (App. 2006)
(affirming rejection of petitions by town clerk “because a description of the
measure to be referred was stapled to the petitions rather than inserted into
the petitions”); Maricopa Citizens Protecting Taxpayers v. Price, 244 Ariz. 330,
336 ¶ 18 (App. 2017) (affirming rejection of petition by city clerk because
use permit challenged “was an administrative act, and was not subject to
referendum”).
¶18 A.R.S. § 19-121.01 addresses a subset of actions that the City
Clerk must take in the referendum process, and VOS has not shown that
strict compliance would make that statute “mere surplusage.” Nor has VOS
shown that A.R.S. § 19-121.01 meant the City Clerk lacked the authority to
reject the signatures based on a conclusion that the application for serial
number, filed weeks earlier, failed to comply with A.R.S. § 19-111.
IV. Attaching a Copy of the Ordinance Subject to Referendum Was
Required by Statute.
¶19 VOS argues that, because the City Clerk was the keeper of the
ordinance and was required by law to provide VOS a copy of the ordinance,
A.R.S. § 19-142(C), rejecting the signatures based on a failure to provide the
City Clerk a copy of that same ordinance “would be the essence of a futile
act, which the law does not require.” See Coronado Co., Inc. v. Jacome’s Dept.
Store, Inc., 129 Ariz. 137, 139 (App. 1981) (“The law does not require a futile
act.”). This argument, however, does not reflect the law or the practicalities
of the referendum process.
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VOICE, et al. v. HALL, et al.
Opinion of the Court
¶20 First, as discussed above, strict compliance is required and
A.R.S. § 19-111(A) required VOS to attach to its application for serial
number a copy of the ordinance to be referred. VOS, however, failed to do
so. Second, a petition may seek a referendum on less than all of the
provision being challenged. See Ariz. Free Enter. Club v. Hobbs, 253 Ariz. 478,
480 ¶ 1 (2022) (addressing referendum petition seeking to refer “sections 13
and 15” of a Senate Bill to the general election ballot). Attaching a copy of
“the text of the proposed law, constitutional amendment or measure to be .
. . referred” makes clear what is being challenged. A.R.S. § 19-111(A). Third,
unlike the cases VOS relies on, this case does not involve restoring a
presumption of validity of signatures when a party tried to timely cure a
purported defect. See Harris v. City of Bisbee, 219 Ariz. 36 (App. 2008); Forszt
v. Rodriguez, 212 Ariz. 263 (App. 2006). Nor is this a case where the required
information was provided, but in the wrong order. See Workers for
Responsible Dev. v. City of Tempe, 254 Ariz. 505, 509 ¶ 11 (App. 2023).
¶21 In short, A.R.S. § 19-111(A) required VOS to attach a copy of
the ordinance being challenged to its application for serial number.
Although perhaps a belt-and-suspender approach, that requirement does
not direct a futile act. VOS has shown no error on the point.
V. The City Clerk Is Not Estopped from Rejecting the Signatures.
¶22 In various ways, VOS argues that the City Clerk’s actions
were inequitable and unfair. VOS argues, with factual force, that had the
City Clerk looked at the application for serial number as it was being
submitted, it would have been apparent that no copy of the ordinance was
attached. If informed of that omission, VOS could have corrected the error
when the application was being filed, meaning the signatures would not
later be rejected out of hand. A different iteration of this argument is that
the City Clerk should not be allowed to accept the application for serial
number, issue the serial number and then, weeks later, reject the signatures
citing a defect in the application.
¶23 If the City Clerk noticed the deficiency in the application for
serial number when it was being submitted and informed VOS of the error,
that action would have allowed VOS to promptly correct the error. That
action, it would seem, would have obviated any litigation. But that did not
happen, resulting in this litigation where the courts are asked to allocate the
consequences for that oversight.
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VOICE, et al. v. HALL, et al.
Opinion of the Court
¶24 An individual or entity seeking to use the referendum process
has the burden to strictly comply with all statutory requirements. That
burden is not discharged when a party seeking to use the referendum
process fails to do so. Although not applicable here, that is true even when
parties seeking to use the referendum process “have lost their opportunity
to do so because they relied to their detriment on the erroneous advice of a
government official who purported to have both the knowledge and the
duty to direct them.” Fidelity Nat. Title Co. v. Town of Marana, 220 Ariz. 247,
250 ¶ 14 (App. 2009). “[I]t is the challenger’s responsibility to comply with
the statutory requirements for filing a referendum petition, and the receipt
of erroneous advice, even from governmental officials responsible for
administering the referendum process, does not excuse that responsibility.”
Id. (citing Robson Ranch Mtns., L.L.C. v. Pinal Cnty., 203 Ariz. 120, 130 ¶ 38
(App. 2002) (“A referendum applicant’s receipt of or reliance on inaccurate
advice from a county elections director does not extend the time period for
filing the petition or otherwise excuse noncompliance with the statutory
requirements.”) and Perini Land and Dev. Co. v. Pima Cnty., 170 Ariz. 380,
381, 384 (1992) (noting that issue was not addressed directly, but that
erroneous advice from county elections director about referendum
signatures did not excuse noncompliance)); accord Arrett, 237 Ariz. at 80 ¶
19 (quoting Fidelity, 220 Ariz. at 250 ¶ 14); De Szendeffy v. Threadgill, 178 Ariz.
464, 465 n.1 (App. 1994) (“reliance on a form [provided by a town clerk]
does not excuse noncompliance”) (citation omitted).
¶25 VOS does not allege the City Clerk affirmatively provided
erroneous or inaccurate information when accepting VOS’ deficient
application for serial number, or before doing so. At best, VOS argues the
City Clerk impliedly approved the application by accepting it. Recognizing
that the facts here may be less nefarious than others does not change the
outcome: VOS failed to comply with a statutory requirement. And the City
Clerk issuing a serial number based on an incomplete application does not
excuse VOS’ failure to strictly comply with the requirements of A.R.S. § 19-
111(A). For these same reasons, VOS has not shown that estoppel would
bar the City Clerk from rejecting the signatures. See also Green v. Osborne,
157 Ariz. 363, 365 (1988) (noting “estoppel does not apply against the state
in matters affecting governmental or sovereign functions”).4
4Given this conclusion, the court need not (and expressly does not) address
the arguments by the City and the Private Defendants that the approval of
the ordinance was an administrative act not subject to referendum or that
the petition’s description of the ordinance was improper. See generally
Protect Our Ariz. v. Fontes, ___ Ariz. ___, 522 P.3d 678 (Ariz. 2023).
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VOICE, et al. v. HALL, et al.
Opinion of the Court
CONCLUSION
¶26 The judgment is affirmed. The request by VOS for an award
of attorneys’ fees under A.R.S. §§ 12-2030 and -348(A)(2) & (A)(4) is denied.
The City and the Private Defendants are awarded their taxable costs on
appeal, contingent upon their compliance with ARCAP 21.
AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA
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