Sansevero v. Hobbs , 2015 Ark. 379 ( 2015 )

Cite as 2015 Ark. 379
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No. CV-15-186
Opinion Delivered October 22, 2015
PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE
VINCENT SANSEVERO JEFFERSON COUNTY CIRCUIT
APPELLANT COURT
[NO. 35CV-14-558]
V.
HONORABLE JODI RAINES DENNIS,
JUDGE
RAY HOBBS, DIRECTOR, ARKANSAS
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION AFFIRMED.
APPELLEE
PER CURIAM
In 2000, appellant Vincent Sansevero was found guilty by a jury in the Pulaski County
Circuit Court of rape, third-degree battery, first-degree terroristic threatening, and residential
burglary. He was sentenced to life, 12 months’, 180 months’, and 480 months’ imprisonment,
respectively, in the Arkansas Department of Correction, to be served concurrently. In 2014,
Sansevero filed a pro se petition for writ of habeas corpus in the trial court, alleging that he was
illegally sentenced to a term of life imprisonment with parole and that the trial court lacked the
authority to impose such a term of imprisonment. The trial court dismissed the petition, and
Sansevero brings this appeal.
A trial court’s denial of habeas relief will not be reversed unless the court’s findings are
clearly erroneous. Hobbs v. Gordon, 2014 Ark. 225, 434 S.W.3d 364. A finding is clearly
erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the appellate court, after reviewing the
entire evidence, is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.
Bryant v. Hobbs, 2014 Ark. 287 (per curiam).
Cite as 2015 Ark. 379
A writ of habeas corpus is proper when a judgment of conviction is invalid on its face
or when a trial court lacked jurisdiction over the cause. Glaze v. Hobbs, 2013 Ark. 458 (per
curiam); Davis v. Reed, 316 Ark. 575, 873 S.W.2d 524 (1994). The burden is on the petitioner in
a habeas-corpus petition to establish that the trial court lacked jurisdiction or that the judgment-
and-commitment order was invalid on its face; otherwise, there is no basis for a finding that a
writ of habeas corpus should issue. Young v. Norris, 365 Ark. 219, 226 S.W.3d 797 (2006) (per
curiam). The petitioner must plead either the facial invalidity or the lack of jurisdiction and
make a “showing by affidavit or other evidence [of] probable cause to believe” that he is illegally
detained. Id. at 221, 226 S.W.3d at 798.
Sansevero first argues on appeal that he was entitled to a hearing on his habeas-corpus
petition, and, without it, his due-process rights were violated because he was not given the
“opportunity to more fully develop the record for purposes of appeal.” While our statutory
habeas-corpus scheme contemplates a hearing if the writ is issued, there is no requirement that
a hearing be given to a petitioner regardless of the content of the petition. Tolefree v. State, 2014
Ark. 26 (per curiam); Strong v. Hobbs, 2013 Ark. 376 (per curiam); see also Mackey v. Lockhart, 307
Ark. 321, 819 S.W.2d 702 (1991) (quoting George v. State, 285 Ark. 84, 685 S.W.2d 141 (1985)).
A hearing is not required on a habeas petition, even where the petition alleges an otherwise
cognizable ground, when probable cause for the issuance of the writ is not shown by affidavit
or other evidence. Brown v. Hobbs, 2014 Ark. 267. Because Sansevero failed to demonstrate
probable cause for the issuance of the writ, the trial court was not required to hold a hearing.
For his second point on appeal, Sansevero argues, as he did below, that he was sentenced
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to an invalid sentence of life imprisonment with the possibility of parole. Citing Miller v.
Alabama, ___ U.S. ___, 132 S. Ct. 2455 (2011), and Jackson v. State, 2011 Ark. 49, 378 S.W.3d
103, cert. granted, ___ U.S. ___, 132 S. Ct. 548 (2011), rev’d and remanded sub nom. Miller v. Alabama,
___ U.S. ___, 132 S. Ct. 2455 (2012), Sansevero claimed that his punishment of life
imprisonment was disproportionate to the nature of his offense and that “[h]ad the jury known
that no parole exist[ed] for life with parole . . . that they [sic] would have chosen a term of years
rather than the life sentence they [sic] elected to impose.”1 Although the majority in Miller held
that the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited a sentencing scheme
that mandated life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for juvenile offenders in
homicide cases, Sansevero makes no claim, nor does the record reflect, that he was a juvenile
at the time of crimes. Id.
It appears that Sansevero merely plucked out the pertinent language from Jackson and
Miller regarding the illegality of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole irrespective
of its applicability exclusively to juvenile offenders convicted of nonhomicide felonies.
Sansevero argued that the public believes a distinction exists between the sentences of “[l]ife
without parole and [l]ife[]” and that this perception renders his sentence void because it is a
disproportionate term of imprisonment when compared to the nature of his conviction.
Sansevero was found guilty of rape, a Class Y felony, in violation of Arkansas Code Annotated
1
Sansevero did not cite to the Jackson or Miller cases below. However, in his habeas-
corpus petition, he did cite to Hobbs v. Turner, 2014 Ark. 19, 431 S.W.3d 283, and Hale v. Hobbs,
2014 Ark. 405, 443 S.W.3d 533, both of which reference Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 48 (2010),
and Miller, the cases upon which the progeny such as Jackson evolved.
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section 5-14-103 (Repl. 1993). At the time he committed the offense, the penalty for a Class Y
felony under Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-4-401(a)(1) (Repl. 1997) was a sentence of ten
to forty years or life. Sansevero’s life sentence was within the range set by the statute.
Sentencing in Arkansas is entirely a matter of statute. Hale v. Hobbs, 2014 Ark. 405, at
3–4, 443 S.W.3d 533, 535. No sentence shall be imposed other than as prescribed by statute.
Atkins v. State, 2014 Ark. 393, 441 S.W.3d 19 (per curiam). A void or illegal sentence is one that
is illegal on its face. Lovelace v. State, 301 Ark. 519, 785 S.W.2d 212 (1990). A sentence is illegal
on its face when it exceeds the statutory maximum for the offense for which the defendant was
convicted. Atkins, 2014 Ark. 393, 441 S.W.3d 19. If a sentence is within the limits set by
statute, it is legal. Grissom v. State, 2013 Ark. 417 (per curiam). Accordingly, Sansevero’s
judgment-and-commitment order was not invalid on its face.
Moreover, Arkansas Code Annotated section 16-93-613(2)(A) (Repl. 2011) states that an
“inmate sentenced to life imprisonment is not eligible for release on parole unless the sentence
is commuted to a term of years by executive clemency.” Contrary to Sansevero’s contentions
otherwise, a sentence of life imprisonment is a sentence of life imprisonment without the
possibility of parole unless the sentence is otherwise commuted to a term of years. Sansevero
has failed to demonstrate that his sentence was illegal and that he was entitled to relief under the
statute. When a petitioner in a habeas proceeding fails to raise a claim within the purview of a
habeas action, the petitioner fails to meet his burden of demonstrating a basis for a writ of
habeas corpus to issue. Benton v. State, 2013 Ark. 385 (per curiam). Sansevero clearly did not
meet his burden; therefore, the trial court did not err in dismissing his petition.
Affirmed.
Vincent Sansevero, pro se appellant.
Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Evelyn D. Gomez, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.
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