Metro. Life Ins. Co. v. B..J.L.Y., LLC , 489 S.W.3d 210 ( 2016 )

Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 201
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION IV
No. CV-15-505
METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE Opinion Delivered April 13, 2016
COMPANY AND METLIFE TOWER
RESOURCES GROUP APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
APPELLANTS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
SECOND DIVISION
V. [NO. CV2015-104]
HONORABLE CHRISTOPHER
B.J.L.Y., LLC CHARLES PIAZZA, JUDGE
APPELLEE
REVERSED
RAYMOND R. ABRAMSON, Judge
Metropolitan Insurance Co. (“Metropolitan”) and MetLife Tower Resources Group,
Inc. (“MetLife”), appeal the Pulaski County Circuit Court’s order approving the petition of
B.J.L.Y., LLC (“BJLY”), for the transfer of periodic payments from a structured settlement
agreement. On appeal, Metropolitan and MetLife argue that the circuit court erred in
approving the transfer because (1) the transfer violates the Arkansas Structured Settlement
Protection Act’s (“ASSPA”) prohibition on dividing periodic payments between a payee and
a transferee; (2) the settlement agreement contained an anti-assignment provision; and (3) the
transfer is not in the best interest of the payee, Lisa Broadaway. We reverse.
The structured settlement agreement arose out of the resolution-and-settlement action
from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas for the wrongful death
of David Broadaway. The agreement provided that Liberty Mutual Insurance Group was to
Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 201
pay MetLife a sum of money to fund periodic payments to David’s daughter, Lisa, through
the purchase of an annuity from Metropolitan. The periodic payments included lump sum
payments of $12,000 on July 29, 2016, and $20,000 on July 29, 2021, and monthly payments
of $1,378, increasing at a 3% compound annual rate, commencing July 29, 2021, and ending
June 29, 2051. The settlement additionally provided that the “[c]laimants acknowledge that
the [p]eriodic [p]ayments cannot be accelerated, deferred, increased or decreased by the
[c]laimants; nor shall the [c]laimants have the power to sell, mortgage, encumber, or anticipate
the [p]eriodic [p]ayments, or any part thereof, by assignment or otherwise.” The agreement
is signed by Suzanne Howlett, as mother and court-appointed guardian of Lisa. The
agreement was filed with the district court on October 8, 2006.
On January 3, 2014, the Craighead County Circuit Court entered an order approving
a transfer of Lisa’s payment rights to J.G. Wentworth Originations, LLC (“Wentworth”), for
$9,500. The approved transfer included the lump sums due in 2016 and 2021.
On December 26, 2014, Lisa entered into a second contract with Wentworth for a
transfer of a portion of the $1,378 monthly payments. Specifically, Lisa agreed to sell
Wentworth 120 monthly payments of $300 each, increasing at 3% annually, beginning July
29, 2021, and ending on June 29, 2031, for $11,000. On December 29, 2014, Wentworth
subsequently assigned its rights and liabilities under the contract to BJLY.
On January 12, 2015, BJLY filed a petition in the Pulaski County Circuit Court to
approve the transfer of the periodic payments. BJLY notified Metropolitan and MetLife of the
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petition. On February 12, 2015, Metropolitan and MetLife jointly filed an objection to the
petition.
On March 3, 2015, the circuit court held a hearing on BJLY’s petition. Metropolitan
and MetLife appeared at the hearing and objected to the transfer. Lisa testified that she wanted
to use the proceeds from the sale of the periodic payments to help support three children that
she and her wife planned to adopt from foster care. She explained that she and her wife could
afford the children’s daily expenses but that they needed the money from the periodic
payments for the initial costs such as furniture, clothing, and school supplies. Lisa stated that
she had not attempted to obtain a loan to fund the adoption because she did not want the
debt. She also testified that she understood that she would be receiving less money than she
was otherwise entitled. When counsel for Metropolitan and MetLife asked Lisa if she knew
how much money she would be giving up, Lisa responded that she had not done the math.
Counsel then informed her that she would be giving up $41,000.
Thereafter, on March 9, 2016, the circuit court entered an order approving BJLY’s
petition. The order states:
9. The transfer of the annuity payment . . . 120 monthly payments of $300 each,
increasing at 3% annually, beginning on July 29, 2012 and ending on June 29, 2031
. . . as mentioned in [p]etitioner’s [p]etition is hereby approved.
10. Metropolitan Tower Life Insurance Company a/k/a MetLife Tower Resources
Group, Inc., and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company are hereby directed and
authorized to deliver and to make payable to B.J.L.Y., LLC, and its successors and/or
assigns the [t]ransferred [p]ayment(s) . . .
11. By making and delivering the [t]ransferred [p]ayment(s) mentioned herein to
B.J.L.Y., LLC, and its successors and/or assigns as set forth in the preceding paragraph,
Metropolitan Tower Life Insurance Company a/k/a MetLife Tower Resources
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Group, Inc. and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company will be discharged from all
liability for the [t]ransferred [p]ayment(s) due [to] L. Broadaway.
12. B.J.L.Y., LLC, . . . shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless Metropolitan Tower
Life Insurance Company a/k/a MetLife Tower Resources Group, Inc. and
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company . . . from and against any and all liability from
all claims in connection with, related to, or in any way arising out of the issuance of
the [t]ransferred [p]ayment(s) to B.J.L.Y., LLC, whether such claims are brought by
L. Broadaway . . . , by any individual or entity to which B.J.L.Y., LLC, subsequently
assigns or transfer the [t]ransferred [p]ayment(s) or any portion thereof, or by any other
individual or entity.
....
15. The [s]tructured [s]ettlement [o]bligor and [a]nnuity [i]ssuer shall irrevocably
change the beneficiary for the [t]ransferred [p]ayment(s) to the [t]ransferee.
Metropolitan and MetLife timely appealed the circuit court’s order to this court, asserting that
the circuit court erred in approving the transfer.
Before we address Metropolitan and MetLife’s points on appeal, we must first address
BJLY’s assertion that Metropolitan and MetLife do not have standing to appeal the March 9,
2016 order because they are not parties to the case. We find no merit in BJLY’s argument.
Subsection 706(b) of the ASSPA provides that
the transferee of a structured settlement agreement shall file with the court . . . and
serve on all interested parties a notice of the proposed transfer and the application for
its authorization, including . . . notification that any interested party is entitled to
support, oppose, or otherwise respond to the transferee’s application.
Ark. Code Ann. § 23-81-706(b) (Repl. 2014). The ASSPA defines interested parties as the
annuity insurer and the structured settlement obligor. Ark. Code Ann. § 23-81-702(6). The
structured settlement agreement in this case provided that Liberty Mutual Insurance Group
pay MetLife a sum of money to fund periodic payments through the purchase of an annuity
from Metropolitan. Since Metropolitan and MetLife are clearly interested parties under the
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statute, we hold that they have standing to appeal the order. We now address their arguments
on appeal.
Metropolitan and MetLife first argue that the court erred in approving the transfer
because it violates the ASSPA’s prohibition on dividing periodic payments between a payee
of a structured settlement agreement and a transferee of periodic payments. Specifically, the
ASSPA provides as follows:
No direct or indirect transfer of structured settlement payment rights shall be effective
and no structured settlement obligor or annuity issuer shall be required to make any
payment directly or indirectly to any transferee of structured settlement payment rights
unless the transfer has been approved in advance in a final court order . . . based on
express findings by the court . . . that:
(1) The transfer is in the best interest of the payee, taking into account the
welfare and support of the payee’s dependents;
(2) The payee has been advised in writing by the transferee to seek independent
professional advice regarding the transfer and has either received the advice or
knowingly waived the advice in writing; and
(3) The transfer does not contravene any applicable statute or the order of any
court or other government authority.
Ark. Code Ann. § 23-81-704. The ASSPA also states that “neither the annuity issuer nor the
structured settlement obligor may be required to divide any periodic payment between the
payee and any transferee or assignee or between two (2) or more transferees or assignees.”
Ark. Code Ann. § 23-81-705(3).
This court reviews issues of statutory interpretation de novo. Steele v. Lyon, 2015 Ark.
App. 251, 460 S.W.3d 827. In reviewing issues of statutory interpretation, a court will
determine the meaning and effect of a statute first by construing the statute just as it reads,
giving the words their ordinary and usually accepted meaning in common language. Id. When
the statute’s language is clear and unambiguous, there is no need to look further and apply the
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rules of statutory construction. Id.
As both parties point out in their briefs, no Arkansas appellate court has applied
subsection 705(3) of the ASSPA. However, we find that the statute’s language clearly and
unambiguously prohibits the payment structure ordered in this case. The statute prohibits the
division of payments between a payee and a transferee. Yet, the approved transfer here
required Metropolitan and MetLife to divide the periodic payments between Lisa and BJLY.
Accordingly, the court’s order violates subsection 705(3).
In its response, BJLY asserts that the court’s order does not require Metropolitan and
MetLife to split the periodic payments because the order directs them to pay the entire sum
to BJLY and instructs BJLY to distribute Lisa’s share. However, BJLY misconstrues the circuit
court order. The order states that “the transfer of the annuity payment . . . 120 monthly
payments of $300 each, increasing at 3% annually, beginning on July 29, 2021 and ending on
June 29, 2031 . . . as mentioned in [p]etitioner’s [p]etition is hereby approved.” The order
then directs Metropolitan and MetLife to deliver “the [t]ransferred [p]ayment(s)” to BJLY and
to “irrecoverably change the beneficiary for the [t]ransferred [p]ayment(s)” to BJLY. The
court-approved monthly transferred payments are $300, but the monthly periodic payments are
$1,378. In other words, the order required Metropolitan and MetLife to divide the payments
in violation of subsection 705(3). Because we conclude that the order violates subsection
705(3), we need not consider whether the structured settlement agreement contained a valid
anti-assignment provision or whether the assignment was in Lisa’s best interest.1
1
The parties dispute whether this court should apply both the ASSPA and the Texas
Structure Settlement Protection Act (“TSSPA”) to this case because the structured settlement
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Reversed.
GRUBER and VAUGHT, JJ., agree.
Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, by: Andrew J. Lorin, pro hac vice; and Wright, Lindsey &
Jennings LLP, by: Gary D. Marts, Jr., for appellants.
Steel, Wright & Collier, by: Scott Poynter, for appellee.
agreement provides that the agreement “shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with
the laws of the State of Texas.” However, because there is no conflict of law, this court need
not decide whether both Acts apply. See In re Rains, 473 S.W.3d 461 (Tex. App. Amarillo
2015) (reversing a lower court’s approval of a transfer of periodic payments under a
structured- settlement agreement because the transfer violated the TSSPA’s prohibition on
dividing payments and the transfer was not in the best interest of the payee); Bettis v. Bettis,
96 Ark. App. 101, 239 S.W.3d 5 (2006) (applying only Arkansas law when the laws of
Arkansas and Georgia were substantially the same).
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