One Bank & Tr., N.A. v. Lenderman , 512 S.W.3d 651 ( 2017 )

Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 42
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION I
No.CV-16-526
Opinion Delivered: January 25, 2017
ONE BANK & TRUST, N.A.
APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT, NINTH
V. DIVISION [NO. 60CV-15-1738]
HONORABLE MARY SPENCER
HORACE L. LENDERMAN, DIANNA MCGOWAN, JUDGE
SUE LENDERMAN, AND FRANCELLA
K. MERRITT REVERSED IN PART; AFFIRMED IN
APPELLEES PART; APPELLEES’ MOTION DENIED
KENNETH S. HIXSON, Judge
This case involves an interpleader action filed by appellant One Bank & Trust, N.A.
(the Bank) with respect to funds being held by the Bank. In its complaint for interpleader,
the Bank named the appellees herein, Horace L. Lenderman, Dianna Sue Lenderman, and
Francella K. Merritt, as defendants who may assert a claim to the funds. The trial court
authorized the Bank to deposit the disputed funds into the court registry, and later entered
summary judgment awarding the interpleaded funds to Francella. The trial court
subsequently awarded Horace and Francella attorney’s fees in the amount of $3,188.25 and
did not award attorney’s fees to the Bank. The Bank filed a motion for clarification and
reconsideration of the order awarding attorney’s fees, which was deemed denied thirty days
later by operation of law. The Bank appealed from both the order awarding attorney’s fees
and the denial of its posttrial motion.
Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 42
The issues on appeal are solely related to attorney’s fees. The Bank argues that the
trial court erred in granting separate appellees Horace and Francella’s motion for attorney’s
fees. The Bank further argues that the trial court erred in denying its motion for attorney’s
fees and costs. Finally, the Bank assigns error to the trial court’s denial of its motion for
clarification and reconsideration of the order awarding attorney’s fees. We reverse the award
of attorney’s fees to the appellees, and we affirm the trial court’s decision declining to award
attorney’s fees and costs to the Bank.
The underlying facts are these. Horace and Dianna are married, and Francella is
Horace’s daughter. The appellees held a certificate of deposit (CD) account with the Bank.
The CD account was closed in August 2013, and on August 26, 2013 the Bank issued a
check for $21,005.10 made payable to Horace or Dianna.
The appellees did not deposit or otherwise negotiate the check for a period of several
months, and on June 12, 2014, the Bank placed a stop-payment on the check. On the same
day, the Bank issued a replacement check (less a $45.00 stop-payment fee) in the amount of
$20,960.10 made payable to Horace or Francella. 1 Francella then deposited that check into
a One Bank account.
On July 17, 2014, the Bank received a letter from Dianna’s attorney stating that
Dianna had attempted to deposit the original check at a different bank, but that payment
was refused due to the stop-payment order on the check. In the letter, Dianna’s attorney
demanded payment of the funds, stating that if prompt payment was not made a lawsuit
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The Bank alleged that the stop-payment on the first check and the issuance of the
replacement check was at the request of one or more of the appellees, who had reported
the first check lost or misplaced.
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would be filed against the Bank. In response to that letter, the Bank placed a hold on the
$20,960.10 that had been deposited with the Bank by Francella, representing the amount
of the replacement check.
On August 27, 2014, and again on September 9, 2014, the Bank sent letters addressed
to each of the appellees advising them of the situation and of the hold placed on the account
where the replacement check had been deposited. In these letters, the Bank requested
payment instructions so that the $20,960.10 being held by the Bank could be released. The
letter further advised that, if agreed payment instructions were not timely provided, the
Bank would deposit the funds with the court so that competing claims could be determined
with no further involvement of the Bank. The Bank received no response to these letters.
On May 22, 2015, the Bank filed a complaint for interpleader, naming the appellees
as defendants. In its complaint, the Bank alleged that because competing claims had been
made or may be made by each of the appellees, the Bank was unable to determine without
hazard to itself which of them was legally entitled to the funds being held by the Bank. The
Bank asserted that it should not be required to make that determination because, by doing
so, it may subject itself to double liability. The Bank asked permission to deposit the funds
into the court’s registry, and upon doing so to be discharged from all liability.
Dianna filed a separate answer, asking that the Bank’s complaint for interpleader be
dismissed. Horace and Francella filed a joint answer, asserting that they were entitled to the
funds at issue and asking that the Bank’s complaint be denied and dismissed. On July 22,
2015, the trial court entered an order authorizing the Bank to deposit $20,960.10 into the
court’s registry.
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Horace and Francella subsequently filed a motion for summary judgment, requesting
that the trial court award the interpleaded funds to Francella. Dianna did not respond to
the summary-judgment motion. The Bank responded, stating that it had no objection to
the relief requested, and asking that it be dismissed from the action. On August 27, 2015,
the trial court entered summary judgment, awarding the interpleaded funds to Francella.
The trial court reserved the issue of attorney’s fees, inviting each party to petition the court.
Horace and Francella filed a petition for attorney’s fees, seeking attorney’s fees of
$3,188.25. The Bank also filed a petition for attorney’s fees and costs, asking for attorney’s
fees of $3,665.52 and costs of $335. The Bank’s motion was premised on Arkansas Rule of
Civil Procedure 22(b), which provides:
A plaintiff who disclaims any interest in the money or property that is the subject of
the interpleader action shall, upon depositing the money or property in the registry
of the court, be discharged from all liability. The court may make an award of
reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, to such a plaintiff.
On March 11, 2016, the trial court entered an order awarding attorney’s fees of
$3,188.25 to Horace and Francella and did not award the Bank attorney’s fees. In support
of the award, the trial court ruled that, as evidenced by the summary judgment entered in
favor of Horace and Francella, they were the prevailing parties in the case.
The Bank timely filed a motion for clarification and reconsideration with regard to
the order awarding attorney’s fees. The Bank asked the trial court to reconsider its award
of attorney’s fees to Horace and Francella, and alternatively to include specific findings
supporting that award and specifying the rule or statute upon which the award was based.
The Bank also asked the trial court to reconsider its motion for attorney’s fees and to include
specific findings supporting its ruling. The Bank’s motion was subsequently deemed denied.
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In this appeal, the Bank first argues that the trial court erred in granting Horace and
Francella’s motion for attorney’s fees. Our general rule relating to attorney’s fees is well
established and it is that attorney’s fees are not allowed except when expressly provided for
by statute. Hanners v. Giant Oil Co. of Ark., Inc., 373 Ark. 418, 284 S.W.3d 468 (2008).
An award of attorney’s fees will not be set aside absent an abuse of discretion. Id. The Bank
contends that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding attorney’s fees because Horace
and Francella failed to specify any statute or rule that entitled them to fees, nor did the trial
court’s order. We agree that there was no basis to support the trial court’s award of
attorney’s fees to Horace and Francella.
Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 54(e)(2) requires that a claim for attorney’s fees,
among other things, must specify the statute or rule entitling the moving party to the award.
In Crawford & Lewis v. Boatmen’s Trust Co., 338 Ark. 679, 1 S.W.3d 417 (1999), the supreme
court held that the requirement that the motion contain the specific rule or statute providing
for attorney’s fees is the essence of the thing to be done by the rule, and is therefore
mandatory.
In this case Horace and Francella’s motion for attorney’s fees did not specify any
statute or rule authorizing an award, nor was there any authority for the award. The trial
court’s order awarding the attorney’s fees failed to cite any basis for the award other than
that the appellees were the prevailing party. The appellees now assert that this finding
entitled them to attorney’s fees pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 16-22-308
(Repl. 1999), which provides for attorney’s fees to the prevailing party in a breach-of-
contract case. However, this was not a breach-of-contract case; it was solely an interpleader
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action filed by the Bank. There was no counterclaim by the appellees, nor was a breach-
of-contract action filed, and there was never a determination of a breach of any contract by
the trial court. Furthermore, it cannot be said that Horace and Francella prevailed over the
Bank, as the Bank disclaimed any interest in the funds. Therefore, we conclude that the
trial court abused its discretion in awarding attorney’s fees to Horace and Francella.
The Bank next argues that the trial court erred in denying its motion for attorney’s
fees and costs. In the Bank’s motion for attorney’s fees, the Bank cited Arkansas Rule of
Civil Procedure 22(b), which provides that the trial court “may make an award of reasonable
litigation expenses, including attorney’s fees” to the plaintiff being discharged from liability
in an interpleader action. (Emphasis added). While we agree that Rule 22(b) authorized
an award of attorney’s fees to the Bank in this case, the rule expressly provides that the trial
court may award such fees. The Reporter’s Notes to the rule indicate that the fee award is
discretionary rather than mandatory. Therefore, the trial court was not required to award
attorney’s fees and costs to the Bank, and we hold that there was no abuse of discretion in
the trial court’s declining to award such fees. Our supreme court has held that the decision
of whether to award attorney’s fees lies within the sound discretion of the trial court. See
Jones v. Abraham, 341 Ark. 66, 15 S.W.3d 310 (2000).
The Bank’s remaining argument is that the trial court erred in denying its posttrial
motion for clarification and reconsideration of the attorney’s fees. As part of its argument,
the Bank contends that the attorney-fee award to the appellees was contrary to the law and
should have been clarified by the trial court. Because we are reversing the award of
attorney’s fees to the appellees, this part of the Bank’s argument is moot. The Bank also
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argues under this point that the trial court’s decision to deny its motion for attorney’s fees
and costs was clearly against the preponderance of the evidence and contrary to law pursuant
to Ark. R. Civ. P. 59(a)(6). However, as we stated previously, the trial court acted within
its authority in not awarding attorney’s fees to the Bank because Rule 22(b) is discretionary.
Finally, we note that the appellees cited an unpublished court of appeals case in its
brief, which was impermissible pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 5-2(c). After the parties’
briefs were filed in this case, the appellees realized this oversight and filed a motion for leave
to cite the unpublished case, and alternatively for leave to file an amended brief that omits
the prohibited reference. That motion was passed until submission of the case, and we now
deny the motion. As our supreme court stated in Carter v. Norris, 367 Ark. 360, 240 S.W.3d
124 (2006), unpublished opinions will not be considered as authority and should not be
cited to the appellate court. Therefore, in our review of this case we did not consider the
unpublished opinion cited by the appellees.
For the reasons stated in this opinion, we reverse the attorney’s fees awarded to the
appellees, and we affirm the trial court’s decision declining to award attorney’s fees and costs
to the Bank.
Reversed in part; affirmed in part; appellees’ motion denied.
VIRDEN and VAUGHT, JJ., agree.
Hopkins Law Firm, P.A., by: Stewart Headlee and Gregory M. Hopkins, for appellant.
Dodds, Kidd & Ryan, by: Lucas Rowan and Catherine A. Ryan, for appellees.
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