Brummer 160622 v. Ryan ( 2020 )

1 SH 2 WO 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 8 9 Joseph Brummer, No. CV 18-01146-PHX-DGC (JZB) 10 Plaintiff, 11 v. ORDER 12 Charles L. Ryan, et al., 13 Defendants. 14 15 Plaintiff Joseph Brummer, who is currently confined in the Arizona State Prison 16 Complex (ASPC)-Eyman, Browning Unit, has filed a pro se civil rights Complaint 17 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Before the Court are the parties’ cross Motions for Summary 18 Judgment, which are ready for ruling. (Docs. 42, 43.) Also before the Court is Plaintiff’s 19 Motion for Status on Motion for Summary Judgment. (Doc. 50.)1 20 I. Background 21 In his Complaint (Doc. 1), Plaintiff sued former Arizona Department of Corrections 22 (ADC) Director Charles L. Ryan; Special Services Unit (SSU) Correctional Officer 23 Figueroa; ASPC-Tucson Deputy Wardens A. Jacobs, D. Stemple, and J. Mattos; and ADC 24 Security Operations Administrator Ron Towles for violating his due process rights. 25 Plaintiff alleged the following facts: Plaintiff was validated as a member of the Aryan 26 Brotherhood in 2009 and confined in Security Threat Group (STG) maximum custody. 27 28 1 The Court provided notice to Plaintiff pursuant to Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 962 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc), regarding the requirements of a response to Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment. (Doc. 45.) 1 Plaintiff subsequently completed the STG step down program (SDP) and was placed in a 2 close custody unit, which is a lower custody level. In September 2017, Defendant Figueroa 3 informed Plaintiff that his close custody status was being revoked, but Figueroa refused to 4 give Plaintiff the required form. Plaintiff had a revocation hearing on October 5, 2017 5 before Defendants Jacobs, Stemple, and Mattos, and his close custody status was revoked. 6 Plaintiff was not given a copy of the hearing notification, informed of the evidence against 7 him, or provided with a written result of the hearing. Plaintiff appealed the revocation to 8 Defendants Towles and Ryan, and they denied his appeals. As a result, Plaintiff was 9 returned to maximum custody. On screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1915A(a), the Court 10 found that Plaintiff stated a due process claim against Defendants and ordered them to 11 answer. (Doc. 7.) 12 II. Summary Judgment Standard 13 A court must grant summary judgment “if the movant shows that there is no genuine 14 dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” 15 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); see also Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23 (1986). The 16 movant bears the initial responsibility of presenting the basis for its motion and identifying 17 those portions of the record, together with affidavits, if any, that it believes demonstrate 18 the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323. 19 If the movant fails to carry its initial burden of production, the nonmovant need not 20 produce anything. Nissan Fire & Marine Ins. Co., Ltd. v. Fritz Co., Inc., 210 F.3d 1099, 21 1102-03 (9th Cir. 2000). But if the movant meets its initial responsibility, the burden shifts 22 to the nonmovant to demonstrate the existence of a factual dispute and that the fact in 23 contention is material, i.e., a fact that might affect the outcome of the suit under the 24 governing law, and that the dispute is genuine, i.e., the evidence is such that a reasonable 25 jury could return a verdict for the nonmovant. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 26 242, 248, 250 (1986); see Triton Energy Corp. v. Square D. Co., 68 F.3d 1216, 1221 (9th 27 Cir. 1995). The nonmovant need not establish a material issue of fact conclusively in its 28 favor, First Nat’l Bank of Ariz. v. Cities Serv. Co., 391 U.S. 253, 288-89 (1968); however, 1 it must “come forward with specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” 2 Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986) (internal 3 citation omitted); see Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1). 4 At summary judgment, the judge’s function is not to weigh the evidence and 5 determine the truth but to determine whether there is a genuine issue for trial. Anderson, 6 477 U.S. at 249. In its analysis, the court must believe the nonmovant’s evidence and draw 7 all inferences in the nonmovant’s favor. Id. at 255. The court need consider only the cited 8 materials, but it may consider any other materials in the record. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(3). 9 III. Relevant Facts2 10 A. ADC’s STG Program 11 In 1991, ADC established an STG policy designed to reduce prison gang activity. 12 (Doc. 44 (Defs.’ Statement of Facts) ¶ 1.) Pursuant to this policy, SSU officers gather 13 information on prisoners suspected of being in an STG. When enough information is 14 collected, a validation packet is assembled and a Validation Hearing is held. (Id. ¶ 3.) If 15 a prisoner is validated as an STG member, the prisoner is classified as a maximum custody 16 prisoner. (Id.)3 17 A validated prisoner can have his custody level reduced from maximum custody by 18 either: (1) renouncing his STG membership and debriefing about gang activities; or 19 (2) successfully completing the SDP. (Id. ¶¶ 4–5.) Prisoners may renounce and debrief at 20 any time. (Id. ¶ 6.) An STG-validated prisoner must notify ADC staff in writing of his 21 2 These facts are taken from Defendants’ Statement of Facts with accompanying 22 exhibits (Doc. 44; Doc. 44-1; Doc. 49-1) and Plaintiff’s Statement of Facts with accompanying exhibits (Doc. 47 at 14–55; Doc. 48). Many of Plaintiff’s factual statements 23 are merely arguments that do not cite to relevant, supporting portions of the record. To the extent Plaintiff’s assertions do not cite to supporting record evidence, they will be 24 disregarded. See Local Rule of Civil Procedure 56.1(b) (“for each paragraph of the moving party’s separate statement of facts, [the opposing party must provide] a correspondingly 25 numbered paragraph indicating whether the party disputes the statement of fact set forth in that paragraph and a reference to the specific admissible portion of the record supporting 26 the party’s position [for example, affidavit, deposition, discovery response, etc.] if the fact is disputed” (emphasis added)). 27 3 The SSU consists of Corrections Officers who collect, assimilate, and document 28 information concerning STG certification and individual validation packets. (Doc. 44 at n.1.) 1 desire to participate in the SDP. (Id. ¶ 7.) Participation in the SDP does not require 2 renunciation or debriefing, but any indication of gang activity will result in removal from 3 the SDP. (Id. ¶ 5.) 4 Prisoners who wish to participate in the SDP program are screened by SSU and the 5 STG Unit to determine if they are eligible for the program.4 (Id. ¶10.) The SSU’s 6 recommendation is reviewed by the Browning Unit Deputy Warden, the STG Supervisor, 7 and the Security Ops Administrator and then submitted to a committee for final review and 8 approval. (Id. ¶ 11.) 9 To be eligible to participate in the SDP, a prisoner must have successfully completed 10 a 24-month period where he did not participate in any documented STG/gang activity or 11 other behaviors including: assaultive or violent behavior, drug use or possession, extortion, 12 threats toward staff or other prisoners, weapons violations, or a major disciplinary violation 13 or more than three minor disciplinary violations within the last six months. (Id. ¶ 8.) The 14 prisoner must also successfully complete a polygraph examination. (Id. ¶ 9.) 15 For prisoners housed at the Browning Unit, the SDP consists of three 180-day 16 phases—Reintegration Phases I-III. (Doc. 44-1 at 24–25 (Department Order (DO) 806.08 17 § 1.5).) During Reintegration Phase I, a validated prisoner must participate in screening 18 and evaluation with Mental Health Services staff and the Inmate Reintegration Team. The 19 prisoner must also participate in several programs that focus on cultural diversity, high 20 school equivalency exam preparation, and cognitive thinking. (Id.) During Reintegration 21 Phase II, a validated prisoner must complete a job assignment as a Pod Porter, participate 22 in peer group meetings, and complete any necessary treatment programs. (Id.) During 23 Reintegration Phase III, a validated prisoner must participate in the following programs: 24 substance abuse, two-person recreation periods, job assignments, conflict resolution, and 25 domestic violence, and the prisoner must eat one meal per day while unrestrained in the 26 pod with other step-down participants. (Id.) 27 4 The STG Unit consists of the ADC Inspector General’s staff who assist in the 28 preparation of STG Threat Assessments and individual validation packets and conduct debriefings of renounced STG members. (Doc. 44 at n.2.) 1 If a prisoner successfully completes the SDP within 18 months and passes a 2 polygraph, he is eligible to have his custody level reduced from maximum custody to close 3 custody. (Doc. 44 ¶ 14.) The first four weeks after the prisoner’s transfer to close custody 4 is Phase IV of the SDP and consists of gradually reducing the restrictions on the prisoner’s 5 movements while gradually increasing the prisoner’s privileges and contact with other 6 close custody prisoners. (Doc. 44-1 at 26–28 (DO 806.10 §§ 1.2–1.6).) Upon completion 7 of Phase IV, and the prisoner’s successful transition to close custody, Phase V begins and 8 consists of an indefinite period of monitoring. (Id. at 28 (DO 806.10 § 1.7; Doc. 44 ¶ 15.) 9 Recommendations to remove a prisoner from the SDP must be approved by the STG 10 Validation Hearing Committee and may be appealed by the prisoner to the STG Appeals 11 Committee. (Id. ¶ 16.) A prisoner can be removed from any phase of the SDP, or returned 12 to repeat any phase of the SDP, upon documented confirmation that the prisoner has 13 engaged in any of the following conduct: assaultive/violent, extortive, or threatening 14 behavior towards staff or other prisoners; weapons violations; cell phone violations/ 15 unauthorized communications; drug use, possession, or conspiracy; or STG/gang activity. 16 (Id. ¶ 17.) Whether a prisoner is to be removed from the SDP program or returned to repeat 17 a previous phase is determined by the STG Validation Hearing Committee. (Id. ¶ 18.) 18 According to the version of DO 806 that became effective July 12, 2017, if a 19 prisoner is recommended to be removed from the SDP, the SSU Coordinator must deliver 20 to the prisoner, at least 10 business days prior to the hearing, a Hearing Notification/Step- 21 Down Revocation Form 806-10 to allow the prisoner to prepare a defense. (Id. ¶ 19; 22 Doc. 44-1 at 4 (Towles Decl. ¶ 21); Doc. 44-1 at 29 (DO 806.11 § 1.2).) The Form 806- 23 10 did not become available, however, until October 18, 2017. (Doc. 44-1 at 61 (Trausch 24 Decl. ¶ 9); see Doc. 44-1 at 2 (Defs.’ Ex. 3, Attach. A).) 25 A Revocation Hearing is similar to a Validation Hearing; the prisoner can submit 26 witness questions, but he cannot directly interrogate witnesses. (Doc. 44 ¶ 20.) Prisoners 27 who are removed from the SDP are not eligible to re-apply for two years. (Id. ¶ 24.) 28 1 The STG Appeals Committee is authorized to modify any sanctions imposed by the 2 STG Validation Hearing Committee. (Id. ¶ 21.) The STG Appeals Committee’s decisions 3 are final, and no further appeals will be considered. (Id.) If a prisoner informs the STG 4 Appeals Committee that he did not receive proper notice of the Revocation Hearing, and 5 the lack of proper notice is confirmed, a new Revocation Hearing will be conducted. (Id. 6 ¶ 23.) 7 B. ADC Maximum Custody Management 8 ADC Department Order 812 covers the Inmate Maximum Custody and 9 Management Incentive System. (Id. ¶ 25.) Under this system, maximum custody prisoners 10 are permitted to work through a step-based incentive program in order to participate in 11 jobs, programs, and other out-of-cell activities. (Id.) The Program Team conducts monthly 12 reviews to determines prisoners’ step levels. (Id. ¶ 26.) 13 Prisoners begin the program in Step I, the most restrictive step, and may progress to 14 Step III, the least restrictive step. (Id.) Prisoners housed at Browning Unit are eligible for 15 Step II after a minimum of 30 days in Step I, and for Step III after a minimum of 30 days 16 in Step II. (Id. ¶ 27.) Step III privileges include receiving three 2.5-hour blocks of 17 recreation time per week inside the 10x10 interactive enclosure; getting two 2-hour, non- 18 contact visits per month; getting one 15-minute phone call per week; and being allowed to 19 spend up to $20 per week at the inmate store. (Doc. 44-1 at 51–52 (Defs.’ Ex. 2).) 20 C. Plaintiff’s First SDP Revocation Hearing and Appeal 21 Plaintiff was validated as a member of the Aryan Brotherhood STG in August 2009. 22 (Doc. 44 ¶ 29; Doc. 1 at 6, ¶ 4.) At some point thereafter, Plaintiff was approved for, and 23 began participating in, the SDP. (Doc. 1 at 6, ¶ 6.) On September 8, 2017, Defendant 24 Figueroa verbally informed Plaintiff that he was being removed from the SDP and that he 25 would have a Revocation Hearing on October 5, 2017. (Doc. 44 ¶ 30; Doc. 1 at 6, ¶ 12.) 26 Defendant Figueroa gave Plaintiff an Assignment to Investigative Detention Form 2A that 27 stated: 28 This action is being taken because you are considered a suspect 1 in an offense occurring within the Institution that is triable 2 under the criminal laws of the state of Arizona, or have been charged with an offense that could result in your being charged 3 with a major disciplinary violation and which requires your 4 detention until an investigation is complete. 5 You are assigned to Investigative Detention while the investigation is underway and determination is made regarding 6 the referral of this matter to the proper county authorities for 7 possible prosecution or until the disciplinary investigation is completed. The investigation will be completed within 30 days 8 of the alleged offense. During this period, you may continue 9 to be housed in Investigative Detention. 10 Your personal property will be searched and those items that have no bearing on the investigation and which are not 11 contraband or unauthorized property will be returned to you. 12 If charges are not referred or filed within the prescribed time limits, or if they are filed and dismissed, your status will be 13 reviewed and you will be so notified. You may be reclassified 14 to another status at any time. 15 (Doc. 44-1 at 66 (Defs.’ Ex. 4).) The Form 2A was dated September 8, 2017 and signed 16 by Plaintiff and Defendant Figueroa. (Id.) 17 On October 5, 2017, a Revocation Hearing was held and the STG Validation 18 Hearing Committee reviewed the SSU’s evidence against Plaintiff. (Doc. 44 ¶ 31; Doc. 19 44-1 at 68 (Defs.’ Ex. 5).) The members of the committee included Defendants Jacobs, 20 Stemple, and Mattos. (Doc. 44-1 at 68 (Defs.’ Ex. 5).) The Result of STG Validation 21 Hearing Form 806-4 stated: 22 The [STG Validation Hearing Committee] has determined the 23 evidence submitted by Tucson SSU is sufficient for revocation from the step-down program. It should be noted; during the 24 revocation hearing Inmate Brummer 160622 stated to the [Committee] that he has maintained association with known 25 STG Aryan Brotherhood members/associates throughout his 26 time in the step-down program. 27 (Id.) 28 1 On October 6, 2017, Plaintiff appealed the Committee’s decision. (Id. at 70–73 2 (Defs.’ Ex. 6).) In a response dated November 16, 2017, Defendant Towles, the STG 3 Appeals Committee Chair, informed Plaintiff that his appeal was denied. (Id. at 75–76 4 (Defs.’ Ex. 7).) The denial was based on evidence provided by confidential informants 5 that Plaintiff had been involved in gang activity and had given orders to have another 6 prisoner killed. (Id. at 75; Doc. 44 ¶ 33.) 7 On December 31, 2017, Plaintiff filed an informal complaint under ADC’s 8 administrative grievance procedure, which is outlined in DO 802. Plaintiff alleged that he 9 was not given a Form 806-10 prior to his Revocation Hearing and was not afforded an 10 opportunity to prepare a defense or call witnesses. ((Doc. 44 ¶ 35; Doc. 44-1 at 78 (Defs.’ 11 Ex. 8).) Plaintiff pursued this grievance all the way to a final appeal to the ADC Director’s 12 Office. (See Doc. 44-1 at 79–89 (Defs.’ Exs. 9–12).) On March 1, 2018, ADC Deputy 13 General Counsel Glynn responded to Plaintiff’s grievance appeal on behalf of Defendant 14 Ryan pursuant to Defendant Ryan’s authority under Arizona Revised Statutes § 41- 15 1604(B)(2)(d). (Doc. 44-1 at 89 (Defs.’ Ex. 13).)5 Glynn’s response denied Plaintiff’s 16 appeal and stated, in relevant part, that Plaintiff was “given more than ten business days 17 [sic] notice prior to [his] hearing and provided an opportunity to appeal the findings of the 18 hearing, which was upheld.” (Id.) 19 D. Plaintiff’s New Revocation Hearing and Appeal 20 A new SDP Revocation Hearing was scheduled for Plaintiff on June 12, 2019, 21 presumably to cure the deficient notice from the first hearing. (Doc. 44 ¶ 43.) On May 24, 22 2019, Plaintiff was given a Form 806-10 that stated: “ASPC-Tucson/Rincon unit SSU 23 recommends Inmate Brummer’s status as an STG Step-Down participant is evaluated due 24 to violating the STG Step-Down program policy by participating in activity that adversely 25 affected the orderly operation of the institution.” (Doc. 44-1 at 91 (Defs.’ Ex. 14).) The 26 Form 806-10 noted that Plaintiff was suspected of participating in STG/gang activity and 27 5 Arizona Revised Statute § 41-1604(B)(2)(d) authorizes the ADC Director to 28 “[d]elegate to appropriate personnel the administrative functions, powers or duties that the director believes can be competently, efficiently and properly performed.” 1 that the evidence to be introduced at the Revocation Hearing would include testimony 2 regarding a phone conversation overheard by SSU in which prisoner Zawacki stated that 3 Plaintiff had been flexing his “political muscles” on the Rincon yard; a CD containing a 4 recording of the Zawacki phone call; several Information Reports documenting 5 information obtained from four confidential informants; Confidential Informant Reliability 6 Assessment Questionnaires (CIRAQ) from each of the confidential informants; and a 7 confidential memorandum authored by STG investigator Steve Garcia. (Id.) 8 Plaintiff had a new Revocation Hearing on June 12, 2019 in front of entirely 9 different hearing officers. Defendants did not participate in the second Hearing. (Doc. 44 10 ¶ 45.) The second STG Validation Hearing Committee determined that the evidence was 11 sufficient to remove Plaintiff from the SDP. (Id. ¶ 46; Doc. 44-1 at 93 (Defs.’ Ex. 15).) 12 On June 13, 2019 Plaintiff appealed the Committee’s findings. (Doc. 47 at 48–55 13 (Pl.’s Ex. 8).) In a memorandum dated July 3, 2019, Plaintiff’s appeal was denied by the 14 STG Appeals Committee. (Doc. 47-1 at 1–2 (Pl.’s Ex. 8).) Defendants did not participate 15 in the second appeal. (See id.) 16 IV. Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment 17 Plaintiff fails to set forth or discuss the relevant legal standards for obtaining 18 summary judgment, and he did not file a statement of facts with his Motion for Summary 19 Judgment. His Motion fails to comply with the Local and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 20 governing summary judgment motions. See, e.g., Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c); LRCiv 56.1(a) 21 (requiring a separate statement of facts that refers to the specific admissible portion of the 22 record where the facts find support). Accordingly, Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary 23 Judgment will be summarily denied. 24 V. Defendants’ Cross Motion for Summary Judgment 25 Defendants argue that they are entitled to summary judgment because Plaintiff’s 26 participation in the SDP did not create a liberty interest and because Plaintiff was given a 27 second Revocation Hearing that complied with due process. Defendants also argue that 28 they are entitled to qualified immunity. (Doc. 43.) 1 A. Qualified Immunity 2 1. Legal Standard 3 Government officials enjoy qualified immunity from civil damages unless their 4 conduct violates “clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable 5 person would have known.” Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818 (1982). In deciding 6 if qualified immunity applies, a court must determine: (1) whether the facts alleged show 7 the defendant’s conduct violated a constitutional right; and (2) whether that right was 8 clearly established at the time of the violation. Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 230- 9 32, 235–36 (2009). Courts have discretion in deciding which of these two prongs to 10 address first depending on the circumstances. Id. 11 For a right to be clearly established, there does not have to be a case directly on 12 point, but “‘existing precedent must have placed the statutory or constitutional question 13 beyond debate.’” White v. Pauly, 137 S. Ct. 548, 551 (2017) (quoting Mullenix v. Luna, 14 136 S. Ct. 305, 308 (2017)). A right is clearly established when case law has been “earlier 15 developed in such a concrete and factually defined context to make it obvious to all 16 reasonable government actors, in the defendant’s place, that what he is doing violates 17 federal law.” Shafer v. Cnty. of Santa Barbara, 868 F.3d 1110, 1117 (9th Cir. 2017) (citing 18 White, 137 S. Ct. at 551). If there is no Supreme Court or Circuit Court precedent, courts 19 “‘look to whatever decisional law is available to ascertain whether the law is clearly 20 established’ for qualified immunity purposes, ‘including decisions of state courts, other 21 circuits, and district courts.’” Boyd v. Benton Cnty., 374 F.3d 773, 781 (9th Cir. 2004) 22 (quoting Drummond v. City of Anaheim, 343 F.3d 1052, 1060 (9th Cir. 2003)). 23 2. Analysis 24 In analyzing a due process claim, the Court must first decide whether Plaintiff was 25 entitled to any process and, if so, whether he was denied any constitutionally-required 26 procedural safeguard. Liberty interests that entitle an inmate to due process are “generally 27 limited to freedom from restraint which, while not exceeding the sentence in such an 28 unexpected manner as to give rise to protection by the Due Process Clause of its own force, 1 nonetheless imposes atypical and significant hardship on the inmate in relation to the 2 ordinary incidents of prison life.” Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 484 (1995) (internal 3 citations omitted). 4 To determine whether an inmate is entitled to the procedural protections afforded 5 by the Due Process Clause, the Court must look to the particular restrictions imposed and 6 ask whether they “‘present the type of atypical, significant deprivation in which a state 7 might conceivably create a liberty interest.’” Mujahid v. Meyer, 59 F.3d 931, 932 (9th Cir. 8 1995) (quoting Sandin, 515 U.S. at 486). “Atypicality” requires not merely an empirical 9 comparison, but turns on the importance of the right taken away from the prisoner. See 10 Carlo v. City of Chino, 105 F.3d 493, 499 (9th Cir. 1997). To determine whether the 11 sanctions are atypical and a significant hardship, courts look to the prisoner’s conditions of 12 confinement, the duration of the sanction, and whether the sanction will affect the duration 13 of the prisoner’s sentence. See Keenan v. Hall, 83 F.3d 1083, 1088-89 (9th Cir. 1996). 14 It is well-settled that placement in maximum security segregation units implicates a 15 liberty interest requiring due process protections. Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209, 224 16 (2005). A prisoner may be deprived of his liberty interest as long as he is accorded the 17 proper procedural protections. 18 It is also well-settled that, for the initial decision to place a prisoner in maximum 19 custody, due process is generally satisfied if the prisoner is given written notice of the 20 factual basis for the placement and an opportunity to be heard. Id. at 225-27; Hewitt v. 21 Helms, 459 U.S. 460, 476 (1983), overruled in part on other grounds by Sandin, 515 U.S. 22 472. But Plaintiff’s due process claim in this case does not arise from his initial STG 23 validation and assignment to maximum custody in the Browning Unit. Instead, Plaintiff 24 claims that he was entitled to, and was denied, due process when he was subsequently 25 removed from the SDP and returned to maximum custody at the Browning Unit. 26 Although it was clearly established at the time Plaintiff’s claim arose that the initial 27 decision to place a prisoner in a maximum custody unit created a liberty interest and 28 required notice and a chance to be heard, the Court is not aware of any Supreme Court or 1 Ninth Circuit case law that examines whether a maximum custody prisoner’s participation 2 in a program like the SDP creates a liberty interest, and what if any process is due to the 3 prisoner before he is removed from such a program and returned to maximum custody. 4 This Court has previously held that an STG-validated prisoner is not entitled to an 5 alternative means to exit maximum custody, such as the SDP, if annual reviews and 6 debriefing/renouncing are available. See Freemon v. Ryan, No. CV 09-1717-PHX-JAT 7 (JRI), 2011 WL 5169342, at *14 (D. Ariz. Oct. 31, 2011); Hernandez v. Schriro, No. CV 8 05-2853-PHX-DGC (JJM), 2011 WL 2910710, at *9 (D. Ariz. Jul. 20, 2010). Further, in 9 Muhammad v. Hood, 100 Fed. Appx. 782, 783 (10th Cir. 2004), the Tenth Circuit found 10 that removing a prisoner from a step-down program to a more restrictive unit does not give 11 rise to a liberty interest. See also Ajaj v. Federal Bureau of Prisons, No. 08-CV-2006- 12 MSK-MJW, 2011 WL 902440, at *11 (D. Colo. Mar. 10, 2011) (being denied access to or 13 being terminated from a step-down program does not impose an atypical and significant 14 hardship); Georgacarakos v. Wiley, No. CV 07-01712-MSK-MEH, 2008 WL 4216265, at 15 *20 (D. Colo. Sept. 12, 2008) (a prisoner does not have a liberty interest in being admitted 16 to a step-down program, where admission “is subject to the discretion of prison officials”). 17 Thus, even assuming that the failure to provide Plaintiff with a Form 806-10, or any 18 other sufficient written notice, prior to his October 5, 2017 Revocation Hearing amounted 19 to a due process violation, at that time there was no clearly established law that Plaintiff 20 had a protected liberty interest in his participation in the SDP. Under then-existing law, a 21 reasonable official in Defendants’ position would not have known that removing Plaintiff 22 from the SDP without sufficient notice would violate Plaintiff’s constitutional rights. Even 23 though DO 806 entitled Plaintiff to receive a Form 806-10 before his Revocation Hearing, 24 violation of a prison regulation that requires certain procedures does not, in and of itself, 25 result in a violation of due process. Plaintiff has not presented evidence showing that the 26 constitutional right was clearly established. Accordingly, Defendants are entitled to 27 qualified immunity as to Plaintiff’s claim for monetary damages, and summary judgment 28 will be granted to Defendants in their individual capacities. 1 B. Injunctive and Declaratory Relief 2 Qualified immunity is only an immunity from a suit for damages. “Qualified 3 immunity . . . does not bar actions for declaratory or injunctive relief.” Los Angeles Police 4 Protective League v. Gates, 995 F.2d 1469, 1472 (9th Cir.1993) (quoting Am. Fire, Theft 5 & Collision Managers, Inc. v. Gillespie, 932 F.2d 816, 818 (9th Cir.1991)). Plaintiff seeks 6 injunctive and declaratory relief consistent with a ruling that his due process rights were 7 violated during the initial SDP revocation proceedings and an order reversing the STG 8 Validation Hearing Committee’s findings, reinstating Plaintiff to the SDP, and returning 9 Plaintiff to close custody housing. (Doc. 1 at 8.) 10 Plaintiff’s claim for injunctive relief must be denied. The evidence shows that on 11 May 24, 2019, Plaintiff was given a Form 806-10 that provided a summary of the charges 12 against him, the date of his new SDP Revocation Hearing, and a list of the evidence that 13 would be presented against him at the hearing. On June 12, 2019, Plaintiff had a new 14 hearing in front of an entirely different panel; none of the Defendants participated in the 15 new hearing. The new panel determined that the evidence was sufficient to remove 16 Plaintiff from the SDP. Plaintiff appealed this finding, and the new panel’s decision was 17 upheld by a new appeals committee in which Defendants did not participate. Thus, the 18 unrefuted evidence shows that Plaintiff was provided with notice and an opportunity to be 19 heard, and he had his revocation proceedings reheard by new panels. Plaintiff’s requests 20 to have the decision from the first Revocation Hearing reversed, to be reinstated to the 21 SDP, and to be returned to close custody are based on the lack of written notice at the first 22 Revocation Hearing, but that lack of notice was remedied at the June 12, 2019 hearing. 23 The Court finds no basis to set aside the findings of the second Revocation Hearing and 24 appeal. Plaintiff’s claim for injunctive relief will be denied. 25 As to Plaintiff’s claim for declaratory relief, the Court must determine what type of 26 declaratory relief is at issue: retrospective declaratory relief would declare that the 27 defendant committed constitutional violations in the past; prospective relief would declare 28 that likely future actions are unconstitutional. See Nat’l Audubon Society, Inc. v. Davis, 1| 307 F.3d 835, 847-48 & n. 5 (9th Cir. 2002). The Eleventh Amendment bars claims 2| seeking only retrospective declaratory relief. See Green v. Mansour, 474 US. 64, 71-73 3| (1985) (Eleventh Amendment barred retrospective declaratory relief against state 4| officials); Porter v. Jones, 319 F.3d 483, 491 (9th Cir. 2003) (“suits against an official for 5 | prospective relief are generally cognizable, whereas claims for retrospective relief (such as damages) are not’). 7 In his Complaint, Plaintiff seeks a declaratory judgment that Defendants’ actions 8 | during his initial SDP revocation proceedings violated DO 806 and Plaintiffs due process right. (Doc. | at 8.) Plaintiff has since been given a new Revocation Hearing in which he 10 | received proper notice via a Form 806-10. The declaratory relief sought by Plaintiff is 11 | retrospective in nature and barred by the Eleventh Amendment. Accordingly, □□□□□□□□□□□ 12 | claim for declaratory relief will be denied. 13 IT IS ORDERED: 14 (1) The reference to the Magistrate Judge is withdrawn as to Plaintiff's Motion 15 | for Summary Judgment (Doc. 42), Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 43), 16 | and Plaintiff's Motion for Status on Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 50). 17 (2) Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 42) is denied. 18 (3) Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 43) is granted and this 19 | action is dismissed with prejudice. 20 (4) Plaintiff's Motion for Status on Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 50) is 21} granted to the extent that this Order informs him of the status of this action. 22 (5) The Clerk of Court shall terminate this action and enter judgment. 23 Dated this 21st day of February, 2020. 24 25 . Dau 6 Coup □□□ David G. Campbell 28 Senior United States District Judge