Santiago-Mateo v. Cordero ( 1997 )


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    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT
    ____________________

    No. 96-1688

    VICTOR SANTIAGO-MATEO, ET AL.,

    Plaintiffs - Appellees,

    v.

    MIGUEL A. CORDERO, ET AL.,

    Defendants - Appellants.

    ____________________

    APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

    FOR THE DISTRICT OF PUERTO RICO

    [Hon. Salvador E. Casellas, U.S. District Judge] ___________________

    ____________________

    Before

    Torruella, Chief Judge, ___________

    Selya and Stahl, Circuit Judges. ______________

    _____________________

    Jorge Rodr guez-Micheo, with whom Benicio S nchez-La Costa ______________________ _________________________
    and Goldman Antonetti & C rdova were on brief for appellants. ___________________________
    Carlos A. del Valle-Cruz for appellees. ________________________



    ____________________

    March 20, 1997
    ____________________




















    TORRUELLA, Chief Judge. Eight employees of the Puerto TORRUELLA, Chief Judge. ___________

    Rico Electric Power Authority ("PREPA") filed a section 1983 suit

    against PREPA and Miguel A. Cordero ("Cordero"), Executive

    Director of PREPA. See 42 U.S.C. 1983. Plaintiffs-appellees ___

    allege that they were demoted from their positions as area

    engineers and assistant chief of supply, in violation of their

    First Amendment right to freedom of association, because of their

    political affiliation with the Popular Democratic Party (PDP).

    In June 1994, defendants-appellants filed a motion for summary

    judgment with respect to the seven plaintiffs who had been area

    engineers. The motion for summary judgment was premised on two

    different theories. First, it alleged that plaintiffs' First

    Amendment claim is without merit because political affiliation is

    an appropriate requirement for the position of area engineer.

    Second, it argued that co-defendant Cordero is entitled to

    qualified immunity. Defendants' motion for summary judgment was

    denied by the district court on March 29, 1996. Defendants-

    appellants now appeal with respect to co-defendant Cordero's

    entitlement to summary judgment on qualified immunity grounds.

    Finding that we lack jurisdiction, we dismiss the appeal.

    Public officials alleged to have committed civil rights

    violations are entitled to raise the defense of qualified

    immunity. The defense is not available, however, if the

    official's conduct violates a federal right that was clearly

    established at the time of the infringement. See Harlow v. ___ ______




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    Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818-19 (1982); Stella v. Kelley, 63 __________ ______ ______

    F.3d 71, 73 (1st Cir. 1995).

    Because the doctrine of qualified immunity is intended

    to shield government officials from trial as well as from damage

    awards, the defense may be asserted in a pretrial motion and, if

    that motion is rejected, immediate appellate review may be

    available. See Siegert v. Gilley, 500 U.S. 226, 232 (1991); ___ _______ ______

    Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 530 (1985); Guzm n-Rivera v. ________ _______ _____________

    Rivera-Cruz, 98 F.3d 664, 666-67 (1st Cir. 1996); Stella, 63 F.3d ___________ ______

    at 73.

    In Johnson v. Jones, __ U.S. __, 115 S. Ct. 2151 _______ _____

    (1995), the Supreme Court held that "a defendant, entitled to

    invoke a qualified-immunity defense, may not appeal a district

    court's summary judgment order insofar as that order determines

    whether or not the pretrial record sets forth a 'genuine' issue

    of fact for trial." Id. at 2159. In Johnson, a plaintiff ___ _______

    brought suit against five police officers, claiming that they had

    used excessive force in arresting him. The district court denied

    a motion for summary judgment based on qualified immunity,

    finding that there were issues of material fact sufficient to

    defeat summary judgment. The Seventh Circuit held that it lacked

    jurisdiction and dismissed the appeal. The Supreme Court granted

    certiorari and held that no appellate jurisdiction exists where a

    defendant appeals a denial of summary judgment based on the

    grounds that there exist genuine issues of material fact. Id. ___




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    This court dealt with a similar issue in Stella v. ______

    Kelly. In Stella, former members of the Zoning Board of Appeals _____ ______

    for the Town of Tewksbury, Massachusetts, alleged that they had

    been removed from the board as a result of votes they had cast

    while on the board. Stella, 63 F.3d at 72-73. The complaint ______

    consisted of two allegations -- first, that their firing was the

    result of their voting patterns and, second, that this infringed

    a constitutionally protected free speech right. Id. This court ___

    noted that under Johnson: _______

    a district court's pretrial rejection of
    a proffered qualified immunity defense
    remains immediately appealable as a
    collateral order to the extent that it
    turns on a pure issue of law . . . . On
    the other hand, a district court's
    pretrial rejection of a qualified
    immunity defense is not immediately
    appealable to the extent that it turns on
    either an issue of fact or an issue
    perceived by the district court to be an
    issue of fact.

    * * *

    The bottom line, then, is simply this: a
    summary judgment order which determines
    that the pretrial record sets forth a
    genuine issue of fact, as distinguished
    from an order that determines whether
    certain given facts demonstrate, under
    clearly established law, a violation of
    some federally protected right, is not
    reviewable on demand.

    Id. at 74. ___

    The instant case is controlled by Johnson and Stella. _______ ______

    The district court's Order denying the summary judgment motion

    reads, in part:



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    Upon review of the parties' documents,
    this Court finds that defendants are not
    entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
    Defendants have not been able to
    establish the lack of a genuine issue of
    material fact regarding their
    discriminatory conduct towards plaintiffs
    . . . . [T]his Court believes that
    defendants' conduct towards plaintiffs,
    if proven true, could constitute an
    actionable claim under 1983.

    Order of the District Court, March 29, 1996.

    The Order leaves little doubt that the district court

    determined that "the pretrial record set[] forth a genuine issue

    of fact." Stella, 63 F.3d at 74. In light of Johnson and ______ _______

    Stella, the district court's finding that there exist issues of ______

    material fact is sufficient for us to conclude that we lack

    appellate jurisdiction.

    For the foregoing reasons, we dismiss the appeal. _______


























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Document Info

Docket Number: 96-1688

Filed Date: 3/20/1997

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 9/21/2015