United States v. Shewmaker ( 2002 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
OCT 18 2002
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
No. 02-3151
D.C. Nos. 01-CV-3265-RDR
v.
and 89-CR-40038-01-RDR
(D. Kansas)
ROBERT J. SHEWMAKER, SR.,
Defendant - Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before EBEL, LUCERO and HARTZ, Circuit Judges.
Robert J. Shewmaker, Sr., filed a petition for habeas corpus pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 2255 to vacate, set aside or correct his sentence. Shewmaker contends
that his sentence violates his rights as set forth in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530
U.S. 466 (2000). Because the right established in Apprendi is not retroactively
*
After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.
34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This
order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of
the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be
cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
applicable to cases on collateral review, we DENY a certificate of appealability
and DISMISS this appeal.
On March 13, 1990, Shewmaker pled guilty to various marijuana
conspiracy charges. (Aplt. Br. at 1.) At sentencing, the district court conducted
an evidentiary hearing to ascertain the amount of marijuana involved in the
conspiracy. United States v. Shewmaker, 936 F.2d 1124, 1129 (10th Cir. 1991).
Under a preponderance of the evidence standard, it determined the quantity to be
74,110 plants, placing the defendant’s base offense level at 34. Id. This
determination was affirmed on appeal by the Tenth Circuit. Id. On September
18, 1991, the district court sentenced Shewmaker to 240 months imprisonment.
(ROA, Doc. 398.)
In his habeas petition, Shewmaker contends that the Supreme Court
announced a new right in Apprendi that is retroactively applicable to his case on
collateral review. He asserts that his sentence was illegal because the amount of
marijuana involved in the conspiracy was calculated by the district court under a
preponderance of the evidence standard, while Apprendi requires that a jury must
find beyond a reasonable doubt any facts that increase the penalty for a crime
beyond the statutory maximum. Shewmaker also asserts that his counsel was
ineffective for failing to challenge this aspect of the sentencing proceedings.
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Applying the framework of Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288 (1989), which
governs the applicability of new rules of constitutional law to claims made in
initial habeas petitions, the Tenth Circuit has recently held that “Apprendi is not a
watershed decision and hence is not retroactively applicable to initial habeas
petitions.” United States v. Mora, 293 F.3d 1213, 1219 (10th Cir. 2002); see also
United States v. Brown, __ F.3d __, 2002 WL 2027346, at *5 (5th Cir. Sept. 5,
2002); McCoy v. United States, 266 F.3d 1245, 1256-58 (11th Cir. 2001); United
States v. Sanders, 247 F.3d 139, 147-48 (4th Cir. 2001); United States v. Moss,
252 F.3d 993, 997-1000 (8th Cir. 2001); Jones v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1227, 1237-38
(9th Cir. 2000). Because the rule announced in Apprendi is not retroactively
applicable to cases on collateral review, Shewmaker’s petition must be
dismissed. 1
Shewmaker’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is likewise barred
because it was not brought within one year of his final conviction, 28 U.S.C. §
2255(1), nor is it a right newly recognized by the Supreme Court and made
retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review. See Valenzuela v. United
States, 261 F.3d 694, 700 (7th Cir. 2001) (rejecting petitioner’s claim that his
1
Shewmaker relies on United States v. Jones, 235 F.3d 1231 (10th Cir.
2000), to support his argument. That case is inapplicable because Jones
challenged his conviction and sentence under Apprendi on direct appeal, not on
collateral review. Jones, 235 F.3d at 1235.
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counsel was ineffective because he failed to raise an Apprendi challenge to
petitioner’s sentence prior to the Supreme Court’s decision in Apprendi); Collins
v. United States, 2001 WL 699058, at *6 (D. Kan. June 11, 2001) (same).
Because none of Shewmaker’s habeas claims can be collaterally reviewed,
we DENY a certificate of appealability and DISMISS this appeal. See 28 U.S.C.
§ 2253(c)(1); Fed. R. App. P. 22(b). 2
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
David M. Ebel
Circuit Judge
2
Because we deny a certificate of appealability, Shewmaker’s arguments
that the district court improperly decided his Rule 59(e) and 60(b) motions are
moot.
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