Scott v. Millard ( 2009 )

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
October 20, 2009
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
TENTH CIRCUIT
LYNN E. SCOTT,
Petitioner-Appellant,
No. 09-1276
v. (D.C. No. 07-cv-02365-WDM-MJW)
(D. Colo.)
KEVIN MILYARD, * Warden S.C.F.,
Respondent-Appellee.
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY **
Before KELLY, BRISCOE, and HOLMES, Circuit Judges.
Lynn Eugene Scott, a Colorado state prisoner appearing pro se, applies for
a certificate of appealability (“COA”) to challenge the district court’s denial of
his amended application for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241*
We take judicial notice that the last name of the Warden at Sterling
Correctional Facility is “Milyard” rather than “Millard” (the latter name
appearing on our docket sheet for this case). The captions on the parties’
appellate filings evince the true state of affairs, and we accordingly amend the
caption here to conform to this fact.
**
This Order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however,
for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R.
32.1. After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge panel
determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material assistance in
the determination of this matter. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G).
The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
(the “petition”). 1 He also moves for leave to proceed in forma pauperis on
appeal. We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and
2253(c)(1)(A). See Montez v. McKinna, 208 F.3d 862, 869 (10th Cir. 2000)
(holding that § 2253(c)(1)(A) applies when the state habeas petitioner proceeds
under § 2241). For the reasons set forth below, we deny Mr. Scott’s request for a
COA, deny his motion to proceed in forma pauperis, and dismiss his appeal.
BACKGROUND
In the petition, Mr. Scott argues that the Colorado State Board of Parole
(“Board”) violated his procedural and substantive due process rights.
Specifically, he appears to allege that the Board (1) rescinded his parole without a
hearing, (2) delayed his release on parole, and (3) revoked his parole for more
than the authorized amount of time. This matter was referred to a magistrate
judge for initial proceedings, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). The magistrate
judge recommended that the district court deny and dismiss Mr. Scott’s petition.
Mr. Scott filed an objection to this recommendation, arguing that he has a right to
be released under the Colorado mandatory parole statute. He also claimed that
the Board violated his federal due process rights by rescinding his parole without
a hearing, delaying his release, and setting conditions on his release without the
requisite authority. Upon de novo review, the district court adopted the
1
Mr. Scott filed a pro se motion for a certificate of appealability
(“COA”) and opening brief. We construe these pro se filings liberally. See Van
Deelen v. Johnson, 497 F.3d 1151, 1153 n.1 (10th Cir. 2007).
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recommendation and denied Mr. Scott’s petition.
The district court concluded that Mr. Scott could not make out a procedural
or substantive due process claim. In particular, the district court adopted the
magistrate judge’s finding that Mr. Scott has no due process right to parole
because the grant of parole is wholly discretionary under the relevant Colorado
statutory scheme. Greenholtz v. Inmates of the Neb. Penal & Corr. Complex, 442
U.S. 1, 11-12 (1979); Malek v. Haun, 26 F.3d 1013, 1015 (10th Cir. 1994); see
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 17-2-201(4)(a), (9)(a). Although Mr. Scott claimed that he was
entitled to “mandatory parole” under Colorado law, the district court noted that
the Board based its parole decision on statutory provisions governing the
discretionary release of a prisoner before the end of the prisoner’s imposed term
of incarceration. 2 The district court also found that the Board had not violated
Mr. Scott’s due process rights when it rescinded his parole without a hearing
because it had not established an “actual release date,” meaning that Mr. Scott
had “no concrete expectation of release and no liberty interest protected by due
process.” R., Vol. 1 at 192.
Furthermore, the district court concluded that Mr. Scott had no due process
2
The district court also explained that “mandatory parole” under
Colorado law “is mandatory in the sense that it is required to be included in a
sentence involving imprisonment, not that release is mandated before the term of
imprisonment is completed.” R., Vol. 1 at 191 (Order on Recommendation of
Magistrate Judge, dated May 11, 2009 (citing People v. Perea, 74 P.3d 326, 333-
34 (Colo. Ct. App. 2002)).
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rights because his grant of parole was “contingent upon [his] successful
completion of the reentry program.” Id. at 191. Although Mr. Scott alleged that
a due process violation arose from the delay in his release, the district court found
that “[n]othing in the statute requires that an inmate be released immediately upon
the issuance of a decision granting parole or otherwise restricts the board’s
discretion in this regard.” Id. at 191-92. The district court also noted that the
Board acted within its statutory authority to establish preparole facilities and
programs, as well as to impose conditions on the grant of parole. Finally, the
district court found that the Board had the authority to extend Mr. Scott’s
reincarceration period following the revocation beyond the 180-day
reincarceration period typically imposed on parolees after revocation. The
district court subsequently denied Mr. Scott’s motion to reconsider its order.
The district court denied Mr. Scott’s request for a COA and his motion to
proceed in forma pauperis on appeal. This application for a COA and motion for
leave to proceed in forma pauperis followed.
DISCUSSION
I. Certificate of Appealability
“A COA is a jurisdictional pre-requisite to our review.” Clark v.
Oklahoma, 468 F.3d 711, 713 (10th Cir. 2006) (citing Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537
U.S. 322, 336 (2003)). We will issue a COA only if Mr. Scott “has made a
substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” United States v. Silva,
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430 F.3d 1096, 1100 (10th Cir. 2005) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2)). To make
this showing, Mr. Scott must demonstrate “that reasonable jurists could debate
whether . . . the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that
the issues presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.”
Miller-El, 537 U.S. at 336 (internal quotation marks omitted).
In evaluating a request for a COA, we need not engage in a “full
consideration of the factual or legal bases adduced in support of the claims.” Id.We instead undertake “a preliminary, though not definitive, consideration of the
[legal] framework” applicable to each claim. Id. at 338. Although Mr. Scott is
not required to demonstrate that his appeal will succeed, he must “prove
something more than the absence of frivolity or the existence of mere good faith.”
Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
We have reviewed Mr. Scott’s appellate filings, the magistrate judge’s
recommendation, the district court’s order, and the entire record on appeal,
pursuant to the framework established in Miller-El. The district court’s resolution
of the petition is not reasonably subject to debate. Furthermore, Mr. Scott has not
raised any claims that are adequate to deserve further proceedings. Thus, Mr.
Scott has not “made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right”
and is not entitled to a COA.
II. Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis
We also deny Mr. Scott’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis. To qualify
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for in forma pauperis status, a petitioner must show “a financial inability to pay
the required fees” and “a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in
support of the issues raised on appeal.” McIntosh v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 115
F.3d 809, 812 (10th Cir. 1997) (quoting DeBardeleben v. Quinlan, 937 F.2d 502,
505 (10th Cir. 1991)) (internal quotation marks omitted). Although the district
court previously allowed Mr. Scott to proceed in forma pauperis, it denied his
motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal. The district court found
that “the appeal is not taken in good faith because [Mr. Scott] has not shown the
existence of a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in support of
the issues raised on appeal.” R., Vol. 1 at 209 (Order Denying Leave to Proceed
In Forma Pauperis on Appeal, dated July 7, 2009). We agree with the district
court that Mr. Scott’s arguments are not well reasoned and fail to demonstrate an
absence of frivolity.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we DENY Mr. Scott’s application for a COA,
DENY his motion to proceed in forma pauperis, and DISMISS his appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Jerome A. Holmes
Circuit Judge
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