Scherer v. Hill ( 2003 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
DEC 4 2003
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
THOMAS E. SCHERER,
Plaintiff-Appellant, No. 03-3137
v. (D. Kansas)
KENT HILL, in his individual (D.C. No. 02-CV-2043-KHV)
capacity as Director of the Kansas City
VA Medical Center and former
Director of the Wichita, Kansas VA
Regional Office; WILLIAM EMMOT,
Dr., Chief of Staff Kansas City VA
Medical Center; WAYNE HILL, in his
individual capacity as Adjudication
Officer Wichita, Kansas VA Regional
Office,
Defendants-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before EBEL, HENRY, and HARTZ, Circuit Judges.
After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this court has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G).
The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Proceeding pro se, Thomas E. Scherer appeals the district court’s decisions
denying his Fed. R. Civ. 60(b) motion to vacate the judgment entered on
September 20, 2002, and the district court’s decision denying his Motion to
Reconsider Memorandum and Order Overruling A Motion to Reinstate A Case.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not aid in the disposition of this appeal.
See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(1)(c). The case is therefore ordered submitted without
oral argument. Moreover, after reviewing the record and the applicable law, we
further conclude for substantially the same reasons set forth by the district court
that the court did not abuse its discretion in denying Mr. Scherer’s motions.
I. BACKGROUND
Mr. Scherer, an honorably discharged Navy veteran, filed this pro se action
against Veterans Administration officials, challenging the denial of disability
benefits. Mr. Scherer alleged that he contracted a chronic skin condition during
his service and that he is entitled to a disability rating of 30 percent and
corresponding benefits beginning in 1976. Mr. Scherer further alleged that “the
Veterans Administration provides no opportunity for a claim to be decided by a
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jury trial and that failure is in violation of the United States Constitution right to
a jury trial for claims of equity.” Rec. doc. 1, at 4 (Complaint, filed Jan. 31,
2002).
On September 17, 2002, the district court issued a memorandum and order
dismissing Mr. Scherer’s complaint. The court reasoned that “federal law
regarding veterans’ benefits provides that decisions regarding veterans’ benefits
are unreviewable in the federal district courts.” Scherer v. Hill, No. 02-2043-
KHV, 2002 WL 31109699, at *1 (D. Kan. Sept. 17, 2002) (internal quotation
marks omitted). The court added that Mr. Scherer had not shown that he could
sue the defendants for actions taken in their official capacities. Id. The court
entered a final judgment in favor of the defendants on September 20, 2002.
Mr. Scherer filed a separate action against the United States alleging
similar claims. In that case, the district court also dismissed the complaint
See Scherer v. United States, No. 01-2428-JWL, 2002 WL 299315 (D. Kan. Feb.
15, 2002). Mr. Scherer appealed that dismissal, and this Court affirmed in part,
and vacated and remanded in part. In particular, we concluded that the district
court had subject matter jurisdiction to consider Mr. Scherer’s constitutional
challenge to 28 U.S.C. § 1346(d), which provides that “ [t]he district courts shall
not have jurisdiction under this section of any civil action or claim for a pension.”
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See 28 U.S.C. § 1346; Scherer v. United States, No. 02-3067, 2003 WL 191463(10th Cir. Jan. 29, 2003).
On February 4, 2003, Mr. Scherer filed a motion to vacate the September
20, 2002 judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b). Mr. Scherer invoked this
court’s decision in the related case—Scherer v. United States, No. 02-3067
—arguing that, as in that case, the claims regarding the constitutionality of
§ 1346(d) should be allowed to proceed.
The district court denied Mr. Scherer’s Rule 60(b) motion. See Scherer v.
Hill, 213 F.R.D. 431 (D. Kan. 2003). The court reasoned that the motion was
untimely. See id. at 433-34 (“A Rule 60(b)(1) motion cannot be used to challenge
a substantive ruling of the Court unless it is filed within the time frame required
for filing a notice of appeal. The Clerk entered judgment on September 20, 2002
and plaintiff did not file his Rule 60(b) motion until February 4, 2003.”) (internal
quotation marks and citations omitted). The court also observed that Mr. Scherer
“ha[d] not alleged an obvious error of law within the meaning of Rule 60(b)(1).”
Id. at 434. Finally, the court reasoned, Mr. Scherer was not entitled to relief
under Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(6). See id. at 434-35 (“[T]he broad power granted by
clause (6) is not for the purpose of relieving a party from free, calculated and
deliberate choices he has made. A party remains under a duty to take legal steps
to protect his own interests. [Mr. Scherer] voluntarily elected not to appeal the
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Court’s judgment in this case. Rule 60(b)(6) relief is therefore inappropriate.”)
(internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
Mr. Scherer then filed a Motion to Reconsider Memorandum and Order
Overruling a Motion to Reinstate The Case. The district court denied that motion
as well. See Scherer v. Hill, No. 02-2043-KHV, 2003 WL 21011361 (May 1,
2003).
II. DISCUSSION
On appeal, Mr. Scherer challenges the district court’s denial of his Rule
60(b) motion to vacate and his Motion to Reconsider Memorandum and Order
Overruling a Motion to Reinstate The Case. “We review the district court’s
denial of a Fed. R. 60(b) motion to vacate for an abuse of discretion,” mindful
that Rule 60(b) relief “is extraordinary and may only be granted in exceptional
circumstances.” Servants of the Paraclete v. Does, 204 F.3d 1005, 1009 (10th
Cir. 2000) (internal quotation marks omitted). For substantially the same reasons
set forth by the district court, we discern no abuse of discretion here. Because a
Rule 60(b) motion cannot be used as a substitute for an appeal, Mr. Scherer’s
challenge to the dismissal of his complaint was untimely. Orner v. Shalala, 30
F.3d 1307, 1309-10 (10th Cir. 1994). Moreover, as the district court observed
“based on the Tenth Circuit remand in Scherer v. United States, supra, [Mr.
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Scherer] has an available forum for his constitutional challenge to 28 U.S.C. §
1346(d). [Mr. Scherer] has not shown why he is entitled to challenge the same
statutory provision in multiple cases, or how he will be prejudiced if that
opportunity is denied him.” Scherer, 213 F.R.D. at 435.
III. CONCLUSION
Accordingly, we AFFIRM the district court’s decisions denying Mr.
Scherer’s Rule 60(b) motion to vacate and his Motion to Reconsider
Memorandum and Order Overruling a Motion to Reinstate the Case.
Entered for the Court,
Robert H. Henry
Circuit Judge
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