Murphy v. Romero ( 1998 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
JUL 15 1998
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
BARTON LEE MURPHY,
Plaintiff - Appellant, No. 98-2035
v. D. New Mexico
ALFREDO ROMERO, Special Agent, (D.C. No. CIV-97-1562-JP)
Federal Bureau of Investigation;
JOHN or JANE DOE, five unknown
named FBI agents,
Defendants - Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before ANDERSON , McKAY , and LUCERO , Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument.
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
*
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Barton Lee Murphy, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, filed a civil
rights complaint pursuant to Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents , 403 U.S. 388(1971), challenging the seizure and forfeiture of his property subsequent to a
conviction for numerous drug violations. The district court dismissed Murphy’s
complaint on the basis of res judicata and/or collateral estoppel, and Murphy
appeals. We affirm.
The threshold problem in this appeal is that Mr. Murphy’s complaint was
filed outside the applicable statute of limitations. Bivens actions, like 42 U.S.C.
§ 1983 actions, are subject to the statute of limitations of the general personal
injury statute of the state where the action arose. Industrial Constructors Corp. v.
United States Bureau of Reclamation , 15 F.3d 963, 968 (10th Cir. 1994). Because
Murphy’s cause of action arose in New Mexico, we apply New Mexico’s three-
year statute of limitations for bringing an action for “an injury to the person or
reputation of any person.” N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-8; see Industrial Constructors ,
15 F.3d at 968 (applying N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-8 in a Bivens action).
This three-year statute of limitations began to run when Murphy knew or
had reason to know “of the existence and cause of the injury which is the basis of
his action.” Id. at 969 (stating also that federal law controls the issue of when a
federal cause of action accrues). Murphy argues that he realized his injury, and
his claims accrued, not when his property was seized on May 1, 1990, or forfeited
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on April 29, 1992, but when it was ultimately disbursed on December 9, 1992.
See Appellant’s Br., Supp. at 5. Even under Murphy’s more generous calculation,
however, his Bivens complaint is nevertheless untimely because it was not filed
until December 8, 1997, almost five years after disbursement. Thus, Murphy’s
action is time-barred unless he can demonstrate a basis for tolling the statute. See
Aldrich v. McCulloch Properties, Inc. , 627 F.2d 1036, 1041 n.4 (10th Cir. 1980).
Murphy asserts that the statute of limitations was tolled by N.M. Stat. Ann.
§ 37-1-14, which provides that “[i]f, after the commencement of an action, the
plaintiff fail therein for any cause, except negligence in its prosecution, and a new
suit be commenced within six months thereafter, the second suit shall, for the
purposes herein contemplated, be deemed a continuation of the first.” Relying on
this provision, Murphy argues that his Bivens complaint is merely a continuation
of an earlier petition he filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255, and that therefore, the
statute of limitations was tolled during the pendency of the § 2255 petition. See
Appellant’s Br., Supp. at 5.
Questions of tolling are governed by state law, however, see Hardin v.
Straub , 490 U.S. 536, 539 (1989); Fratus v. Deland , 49 F.3d 673, 675 (10th Cir.
1995), and New Mexico has narrowly construed § 37-1-14. In particular, this
provision applies only when the two complaints are substantially the
same—involving the same parties, the same cause of action, and the same rights.
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Rito Cebolla Invs., Ltd. v. Golden West Land Corp. , 607 P.2d 659, 666 (N.M. Ct.
App. 1980). Because Murphy’s earlier § 2255 petition was against the United
States, while the instant action is against certain FBI agents in their individual
capacities, the parties are not the same. 1
Furthermore, the statute of limitations could not have been tolled during the
pendency of Murphy’s § 2255 petition because by the time the petition was filed
on February 16, 1996, the applicable three-year statute of limitations period had
already expired. Thus, under either analysis, we conclude that § 37-1-14 did not
toll the three-year statute of limitations applicable to Murphy’s claims.
Accordingly, we conclude that Mr. Murphy’s complaint is time barred and
AFFIRM the district court’s dismissal of this matter. We also AFFIRM the
district court’s order enjoining Mr. Murphy from further attempts to litigate the
1
Not only are the parties not the same, they are likely not even in privity.
See Beard v. O’Neal , 728 F.2d 894, 896-97 (7th Cir. 1984) (stating that FBI
officials sued in their individual capacities are not in privity with an FBI agent
who was sued in his official capacity in an earlier suit); Headley v. Bacon , 828
F.2d 1272, 1279 (8th Cir. 1987) (stating that “litigation involving officials in
their official capacity does not preclude relitigation in their personal capacity”).
If privity exists, or, as it appears, this is simply Murphy’s latest attempt to
relitigate the same issues, then the district court’s analysis applies. See R. Vol. I,
Tab 9 at 3 (addressing res judicata and collateral estoppel). In any event, the
untimeliness of this action is adequate grounds for its dismissal, and we, of
course, are free to affirm a district court decision on any grounds supported by the
record. See United States v. Sandoval , 29 F.3d 537, 542 n.6 (10th Cir. 1994).
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issues raised in his complaint except as specified in the appendix to the order of
dismissal. 2
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Stephen H. Anderson
Circuit Judge
2
In addition to this Bivens complaint, Mr. Murphy has filed four previous
actions, each challenging the seizure and forfeiture of his property. Each of these
cases has been dismissed with prejudice, and in the most recent, the district court
warned Murphy that future attempts to pursue such frivolous litigation could
result in an order enjoining future filings. See Murphy v. United States , No. 97-
0452 (D.N.M. Apr. 30, 1997).
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