Braggs v. Attorney General OK ( 1998 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
DEC 14 1998
TENTH CIRCUIT
__________________________ PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
TERRY JOE BRAGGS,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v. No. 98-6156
(W.D. Okla.)
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF (D.Ct. No. CIV-97-1085-L)
THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA;
GARY CARDINALE; JAMES
SAFFLE,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before SEYMOUR, BRORBY, and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Petitioner Terry Joe Braggs appeals the district court’s denial of his petition
for a writ of habeas corpus, filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, and requests a
certificate of appealability. Mr. Braggs is currently serving a twenty year
sentence in the Mansfield Law Enforcement Center, following his conviction for
robbery with a firearm. Mr. Braggs filed a direct appeal of his conviction with
the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, asserting as his sole claim the evidence
was insufficient to prove his guilt. The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals
affirmed the conviction. Mr. Braggs then filed a petition for federal habeas relief
in which he again asserted the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction
and added claims for ineffective assistance of counsel and denial of due process
as a result of an impermissibly tainted in-court identification. Because the
ineffective assistance of counsel and due process claims had not been raised in
the Oklahoma courts, the magistrate judge recommended the petition be dismissed
as a “mixed petition,” containing both exhausted and unexhausted claims. The
district court adopted the magistrate judge’s recommendation, dismissed the
petition without prejudice, and denied a certificate of appealability. We agree
with the district court’s reasoning and therefore deny Mr. Braggs’ motion for a
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certificate of appealability and dismiss his appeal.
A state prisoner’s federal habeas petition should be dismissed if the
prisoner has not exhausted available state remedies. Coleman v. Thompson, 501
U.S. 722, 731 (1991). A district court must also dismiss “mixed” petitions
containing both exhausted and unexhausted claims. Rose v. Lundy, 455 U.S. 509,
510 (1982). A claim is exhausted if a state appellate court has had the
opportunity to rule on the claim, or if the petitioner has no available state avenue
of redress. Miranda v. Cooper, 967 F.2d 392, 398 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 506
U.S. 924 (1992). The latter circumstance occurs where petitioner’s claims would
be procedurally barred under applicable state law. Coleman, 501 U.S. at 732;
Demarest v. Price, 130 F.3d 922, 939 (10th Cir. 1997).
In this case, Mr. Braggs exhausted his sufficiency of the evidence claim by
raising it on direct appeal. 1 Mr. Braggs failed, however, to present his ineffective
assistance of counsel or due process claims before the Oklahoma Court of
Criminal Appeals. Under Oklahoma law, if a prisoner bypasses an issue on direct
1
A direct appeal effectively exhausts state remedies under Oklahoma law because
“[i]ssues which were raised and decided on direct appeal are barred from further
consideration [at the state level] by res judicata.” Paxton v. State, 910 P.2d 1059, 1061
(Okla. Crim. App. 1996).
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appeal, he or she may not assert that issue in application for state post-conviction
relief. Jones v. State, 704 P.2d 1138, 1140 (Okla. Crim. App. 1985). Thus, Mr.
Braggs might argue his remaining claims are procedurally barred, and therefore
exhausted, since he bypassed direct appeal and collateral review is unavailable.
However, Oklahoma courts have recognized certain exceptions to the
procedural bar rule. Specifically, a defendant may raise issues in an application
for post-conviction relief not asserted on direct appeal if “sufficient reason”
prevented assertion of the error or if defendant bypassed direct appeal because of
a procedural error of counsel. Okla. Stat. tit. 22, § 1086 (1986); Jones, 704 P.2d
at 1140. Because there is a possibility that the state court may allow review of
Mr. Braggs’ claims under one of these exceptions, there remains an available state
avenue of redress, and Mr. Braggs must exhaust that remedy before proceeding
with his federal habeas petition. See Snowden v. Singletary, 135 F.3d 732, 737
(11th Cir.) (noting a procedural bar does not amount to exhaustion if “there is a
reasonable possibility that an exception to the procedural bar may still be
available to the petitioner”), cert. denied, 119 S. Ct. 405 (1998); Lambert v.
Blackwell, 134 F.3d 506, 519 (3d Cir. 1998) (holding that federal court should
dismiss a petition if it is uncertain how a state court would resolve the procedural
default issue), petition for cert. filed (S. Ct. Apr. 23, 1998) (No. 97-8812).
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Mr. Braggs has failed to adequately exhaust available state remedies, a
prerequisite to bringing this action. Rose, 455 U.S. at 510. Since Mr. Braggs
may obtain relief in state court, he has not yet made a “substantial showing of the
denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253; Hogan v. Zavaras, 93 F.3d
711, 712 (10th Cir. 1996) (denying certificate of appealability where petitioner
failed to exhaust state remedies). Accordingly, we deny Petitioner’s application
for a certificate of appealability and DISMISS this appeal.
Entered by the Court:
WADE BRORBY
United States Circuit Judge
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