Barron v. Pohlman , 122 F. App'x 416 ( 2005 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 10 2005
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
LAVONE B. BARRON,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
No. 04-1212
v. (D.C. No. 02-MK-1494 (PAC))
(Colorado)
FLOYD POHLMAN, M.D.,
Defendant-Appellee.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before SEYMOUR, LUCERO, and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.
Lavone B. Barron, an inmate of the Sterling Correctional Facility (SCF),
filed a pro se 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action against several employees of the Colorado
Department of Corrections (DOC). Mr. Barron contends the DOC employees
acted with deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs in violation of the
*
After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.
34.1(G). The case is therefore submitted without oral argument. This order and
judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, or collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of
orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the
terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. 1 The
district court dismissed the claims against defendants Christine Windsor and
Nancy Kelly for failure to state a claim, and subsequently granted summary
judgment in favor of defendant Floyd Pohlman. The court also denied Mr.
Barron’s request to proceed in forma pauperis (ifp) on appeal. We grant Mr.
Barron’s renewed request to proceed ifp but affirm the district court.
Mr. Barron alleges he injured his shoulder on June 18, 2001, when he
slipped and fell on a wet floor at SCF. He was seen on the same day by Ms.
Windsor, a DOC nurse, who examined him and failed to notice any bruising on
his skin. She recommended he take Tylenol and rest for the remainder of the day.
Mr. Barron reported to work the next morning and told his supervisor, Lieutenant
Kelly, he was in pain from his fall and wanted medical care. He contends Lt.
Kelly promised to “call medical” later that morning but failed to do so. When Mr.
Barron again asked Lt. Kelly to call medical, she replied that she was busy and he
would have to either wait until she completed her task or ask someone else to
contact medical on his behalf.
On June 21, Mr. Barron was examined by the SCF medical staff. After X-
1
Mr. Barron also alleges that dismissal of his claims pursuant to a motion to
dismiss or a motion for summary judgment violates his Seventh Amendment right
to a jury trial. The Seventh Amendment is not violated by proper dismissal of
claims, because such a ruling means that no triable issue exists to be submitted to
a jury. Shannon v. Graves, 257 F.3d 1164, 1167 (10th Cir. 2001).
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rays of his shoulder were performed and evaluated, he was sent to a hospital for
further treatment. At the hospital, he was diagnosed with a separated shoulder
and returned to the prison facility. Some time later, Mr. Barron was diagnosed
with a tear of the rotator cuff of his right shoulder. Dr. Pohlman, an orthopedic
surgeon, surgically repaired his rotator cuff on September 11, 2002. Dr. Pohlman
saw Mr. Barron for follow-up visits on September 17 and October 8. On the
October 8th visit, Dr. Pohlman prescribed an elastic sports cord for Mr. Barron to
use to rehabilitate his injured shoulder. Mr. Barron contends that he re-injured
his shoulder on October 10 while using the sports cord.
The legal sufficiency of a complaint is a question of law; therefore, a Rule
12(b)(6) dismissal is reviewed de novo. Sutton v. Utah State Sch. For Deaf &
Blind, 173 F.3d 1226, 1236 (10th Cir. 1999). “A court reviewing the sufficiency
of a complaint presumes all of plaintiff's factual allegations are true and construes
them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff.” Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106,
1109 (10th Cir. 1991). We also review the legal issues surrounding the grant of
summary judgment de novo, considering all evidence in the light most favorable
to the nonmoving party. DeSpain v. Uphoff, 264 F.3d 965, 971 (10th Cir. 2001).
Summary judgment is ultimately appropriate when there is “no genuine issue as to
any material fact and . . . the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of
law.” Oliver v. Woods, 209 F.3d 1179, 1184 (10th Cir. 2000) (quotation and
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citation omitted).
The conditions of prisoner confinement create an obligation on the state to
provide adequate health care for a prisoner. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 103
(1976). In recognition of this duty, we have held that “[a] prison official’s
deliberate indifference to an inmate’s serious medical needs violates the Eighth
Amendment.” Sealock v. Colorado, 218 F.3d 1205, 1209 (10th Cir. 2000).
However, not all failures to provide healthcare, or even adequate, non-negligent
care, rise to the level of a constitutional violation. “In order to state a cognizable
claim, a prisoner must allege acts or omissions sufficiently harmful to evidence
deliberate indifference to serious medical needs.” Estelle, 429 U.S. at 106.
Deliberate indifference involves both an objective and a subjective
component. Sealock, 218 F.3d at 1209. The former is met if the deprivation is
sufficiently serious, that is, “if it is one that has been diagnosed by a physician as
mandating treatment or one that is so obvious that even a lay person would easily
recognize the necessity for a doctor’s attention.” Hunt v. Uphoff, 199 F.3d 1220,
1224 (10th Cir. 1999) (citation omitted). The latter is satisfied if an officer
“knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or safety.” Sealock,
218 F.3d at 1209 (quoting Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 837 (1994)).
Essentially, the officer must be “aware of facts from which the inference could be
drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists, and he must also draw the
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inference.” Garrett v. Stratman, 254 F.3d 946, 949-950 (10th Cir. 2001) (quoting
Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837).
On reviewing the record before us, we cannot conclude that Mr. Barron has
been treated with deliberate indifference. Mr. Barron’s pleadings, construed in
the light most favorable to him, fail to establish he suffered a “serious medical
need” sufficient to state a constitutional violation. He alleges that he slipped and
fell, injuring his shoulder. He does not allege that, as a result, he manifested
objective symptoms that could have been interpreted as sufficient to trigger the
need for hospitalization or additional treatment, such as signs of bruising,
bleeding or broken bones. Simply put, his symptoms were not “so obvious that
even a lay person would easily recognize the necessity for a doctor’s attention.”
Hunt, 199 F.3d at 1224.
Even assuming, arguendo, that Mr. Barron’s slip-and-fall qualifies as
“sufficiently serious,” his allegations fail to satisfy the subjective prong
of the deliberate indifference test. When Mr. Barron reported to medical after his
fall, he alleges that Ms. Windsor requested he remove his shirt so she could
examine his injury. She recommended he rest the remainder of the day and
prescribed treatment for his pain, in the form of Tylenol. While Mr. Barron may
take issue with the treatment approach of Ms. Windsor, a prisoner’s difference of
opinion with prison medical personnel regarding the type of treatment he should
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receive does not rise to the level of a constitutional violation. See Johnson v.
Stephan, 6 F.3d 691, 692 (10th Cir. 1993). There is simply no evidence that Ms.
Windsor was aware of any facts from which an inference could be drawn that a
substantial risk of serious harm existed, or that she drew such an inference.
Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837.
Mr. Barron did allege Lt. Kelly twice ignored his plea for medical attention
while at work. According to Mr. Barron’s complaint, however, Lt. Kelly did
inquire of Mr. Barron as to whether he had received a “lay-in” from his medical
visit the previous day, to which Mr. Barron responded, “no.” There is no
evidence Lt. Kelly was presented either a diagnosis by a physician of a medical
need mandating treatment, or a condition which a lay person would easily
recognize as necessitating a doctor’s attention. Indeed, the evidence suggests Lt.
Kelly knew Mr. Barron had received a medical evaluation and his injury did not
warrant permission to miss work. Therefore, we are not persuaded Lt. Kelly’s
lack of response to Mr. Barron’s symptoms constitutes the unnecessary and
wanton infliction of pain proscribed by the Eighth Amendment. Estelle, 429 U.S.
at 104.
Mr. Barron’s final contention is that Dr. Pohlman was deliberately
indifferent to his serious medical needs by failing to provide follow-up care after
he re-injured his shoulder when his sports cord broke on October 10. We
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disagree. Dr. Pohlman provided an affidavit indicating he saw Mr. Barron for
two follow-up visits following the surgery and, on both occasions, “he was
healing in a satisfactory fashion.” Rec., doc. 64, ex. A at 2. On the October 8th
visit, Dr. Pohlman prescribed Mr. Barron a “sports cord” and provided
“instructions on how to use the cord and how to perform certain stretching
exercises.” Id. Mr. Barron was also “given the instruction book that accompanies
the sports cord.” Id. Most importantly, Dr. Pohlman states:
I have not seen or had any contact with Lavone Barron since his last visit
on October 8, 2002. I am unaware of his condition since that time. . . . I
have not been requested to see Lavone Barron since Mr. Barron’s last visit
with me . . . . I am not aware of any request by Lavone Barron that he see
me or any other orthopedist or health care provider since Mr. Barron’s last
visit with me . . . .
Id. at 3. The uncontroverted evidence on the record thus establishes Dr. Pohlman
(1) did not see Mr. Barron after the re-jury; (2) was unaware of the re-injury; and
(3) was unaware of any requests to see him that may have been made by Mr.
Barron after the re-injury. Furthermore, Dr. Pohlman, a private practitioner, had
“no authority or power to schedule or arrange medical appointments with inmates
at the Sterling Correctional Facility.” Id. Therefore, Mr. Barron has failed to
demonstrate Dr. Pohlman knew of and disregarded an excessive risk to his health
or safety. Sealock, 218 F.3d at 1209.
Mr. Barron has also failed to establish that his re-injury qualifies as a
“serious medical need” sufficient to state a constitutional violation. Ms. Judy
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Ballard, the Health Services Administrator at SCF, provided an affidavit stating,
“[b]etween September 11, 2002 and November 11, 2003, Mr. Barron was seen at
the SCF facility approximately twenty-seven times,” including twenty-two times
after his re-injury on October 10. Rec., doc. 64, ex. C at 1-2. On November 25,
2002, approximately six weeks after the re-injury, a doctor evaluated Mr. Barron
and concluded he “was receiving appropriate medical care and that physical
therapy conducted by a licensed physical therapist was not medically necessary.”
Id. at 2. In addition, a medical evaluation performed on November 12, 2003,
indicated “there [was] no evidence of muscle atrophy in Mr. Barron’s right
shoulder,” and “Mr. Barron [had] a normal range of motion.” Id. The examining
physician assistant concluded that Mr. Barron’s shoulder was “in all respects . . .
within normal limits.” Id. In light of the fact that Mr. Barron has failed to
controvert any of this evidence, we cannot conclude his shoulder re-injury
constituted a “serious medical need.” In sum, because Mr. Barron has failed to
point to any evidence he either suffered a serious deprivation or the defendants
knew he faced a substantial risk of harm and disregarded that risk, he has failed to
satisfy both prongs of the deliberate indifference test.
Although we construe Mr. Barron’s pro se pleading liberally and apply a
less stringent standard than we would to pleadings filed by lawyers, Haines v.
Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21 (1972), we “will not supply additional factual
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allegations to round out [his] complaint or construct a legal theory on [his]
behalf.” Whitney v. New Mexico, 113 F.3d 1170, 1173-74 (10th Cir. 1997)
(citation omitted). We AFFIRM the district court’s dismissal of these claims,
and GRANT Mr. Barron’s request to proceed ifp on appeal. So doing, we remind
Mr. Barron to continue making partial payments towards the balance of his
assessed fees and costs until they are paid in full.
SUBMITTED FOR THE COURT
Stephanie K. Seymour
Circuit Judge
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