Turner v. Champion ( 1997 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
DEC 2 1997
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
ROBERT E. TURNER,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v. No. 97-6018
(D.C. No. 94-CV-727)
RON CHAMPION; ATTORNEY (W.D. Okla.)
GENERAL OF THE STATE OF
OKLAHOMA,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before KELLY, McKAY, and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges.
After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The
case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines
of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally
disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment
may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Petitioner was tried in Oklahoma for the shooting death of his wife. The
jury rejected his accidental-death defense, found him guilty of murder, and
imposed a life sentence. After an unsuccessful appeal and application for post-
conviction relief, he filed this habeas action in May 1994. The magistrate judge
issued successive recommendations, rejecting claims raised in the initial petition
and a subsequent amendment. The district court adopted both, dismissed the
petition, and denied a certificate of probable cause (CPC) for appeal. We also
deny a CPC and, accordingly, dismiss the appeal.
The initial petition raised: (1) insufficiency of the evidence; (2) admission
of expert weapons testimony allegedly encroaching upon the province of the jury
to find intent; (3) use, without requisite notice, of “prior bad act” evidence of
marital discord; (4) failure to instruct on misdemeanor-manslaughter (in addition
to heat-of-passion and culpable-negligence manslaughter); and (5) ineffective
assistance of trial counsel, who did not obtain jury voir dire, opening statement,
and closing argument transcripts. The amended petition added: (6) ineffective
assistance of appellate counsel--in several respects, though the only one preserved
for our review by objection to the magistrate judge’s recommendation, see
International Surplus Lines Ins. Co. v. Wyoming Coal Ref. Sys., Inc., 52 F.3d
901, 904 (10th Cir. 1995), concerns counsel’s failure to seek reversal on the
ground that the trial court should have ordered a competency hearing.
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On habeas, we review the district court’s legal conclusions de novo and
factual findings for clear error. See Davis v. Executive Dir. of Dep’t of
Corrections, 100 F.3d 750, 756 (10th Cir. 1996), cert. denied, 117 S. Ct. 1703
(1997). We have considered the record carefully and are in substantial accord
with the thorough analyses set out by the magistrate judge and district court.
The trial record shows a heated conflict between petitioner and his wife
culminating on the night of the shooting; a crime scene suggesting she sought
refuge behind a (battered) bathroom door and was seated in a cowering position
when shot; a murder weapon safeguarded from the kind of accidental discharge
alleged by petitioner; and incriminating post-shooting utterances from petitioner
which did not mention his subsequent claim of accident. Certainly, a rational trier
of fact could have found petitioner guilty of first degree murder beyond a
reasonable doubt. See generally Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 324 (1979).
The admission of testimony concerning a quarrel, weeks before the
shooting, between petitioner and his wife over her job, even if lacking the notice
required by a state “prior bad act” rule, would not justify habeas relief. Such
evidence was merely cumulative to a similar episode directly associated with the
shooting, and this whole showing of motive should have come as no surprise to
the defense. The challenged evidence did not render petitioner’s trial
“fundamentally unfair.” See Hopkinson v. Shillinger, 866 F.2d 1185, 1197 (10th
Cir. 1989).
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The state firearms expert properly explained the physical properties of the
murder weapon. This objective testimony did not encroach upon the jury’s
consideration of petitioner’s intent or his accidental-death defense, it informed
that consideration. Though, at one point, the expert did indicate the weapon’s
half-cock safety and heavy trigger pull would require the user to “consciously”
pull the trigger, this loosely subjective testimony was elicited, without objection,
by defense counsel. Moreover, the jury was instructed that it could reject expert
testimony. No fundamental error warranting habeas relief was committed.
Petitioner contends the refusal to instruct on misdemeanor-manslaughter
requires reversal of his conviction under Beck v. Alabama, 447 U.S. 625, 638
(1980) (state “is constitutionally prohibited from withdrawing [a lesser offense]
option from the jury in a capital case”), because he faced the possibility of a death
sentence. We rejected the same contention in Trujillo v. Sullivan, 815 F.2d 597
(10th Cir. 1987). Under Trujillo, this is a noncapital conviction to be affirmed
unless “the evidence so overwhelmingly supports a lesser included offense
instruction” that its absence was a “fundamental miscarriage of justice.” Id. at
603-04. Petitioner’s unsubstantiated speculation about possible predicate
offenses for the proposed instruction falls far short of this standard. Moreover, as
two manslaughter instructions were given, relief would not be warranted even if
Beck and not Trujillo controlled. See Schad v. Arizona, 501 U.S. 624, 646-48
(1991) (Beck rule inapplicable when at least one lesser offense instruction given).
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The district court rejected the ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim
because petitioner did not identify any defense objections undercut by the lack of
jury voir dire, opening statement, and closing argument transcripts. Petitioner’s
conclusory and conjectural assertion on appeal that these were “critical portions
of the trial proceedings where common errors occur,” Appellant’s Opening Br. at
12i, clearly does not remedy the inadequacy of his showing below.
Finally, we agree with the district court’s assessment of petitioner’s claim
of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. Nothing in the surrounding
circumstances should have prompted the trial court, sua sponte, to inquire into
petitioner’s competence to stand trial and, thus, appellate counsel was not
ineffective for failing to raise the issue.
Petitioner’s application for a certificate of probable cause is DENIED.
The appeal is, accordingly, DISMISSED. The mandate shall issue forthwith.
Entered for the Court
Paul J. Kelly, Jr.
Circuit Judge
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