Parkhurst v. Wilson ( 2013 )

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
May 15, 2013
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
TENTH CIRCUIT
DERRICK R. PARKHURST,
Petitioner - Appellant,
No. 12-8080
v. (D.C. No. 12-CV-00066-ABJ)
(D. Wyo.)
EDDIE WILSON, Warden of the
Wyoming Penitentiary; GREGORY A.
PHILLIPS, the Attorney General of
the State of Wyoming,
Respondents - Appellees.
ORDER
DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY
Before KELLY, HOLMES, and MATHESON, Circuit Judges.
Derrick R. Parkhurst, a Wyoming inmate appearing pro se, appeals the
district court’s order dismissing his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 motion as untimely,
unauthorized, and without merit. We hold that no reasonable jurist could debate
the district court’s dismissal on procedural grounds. See Slack v. McDaniel, 529
U.S. 473, 484–85 (2000). We therefore deny Mr. Parkhurst’s application for a
certificate of appealability (COA) and dismiss his appeal.
A. The District Court Lacked Jurisdiction Under 28 U.S.C. § 2244The district court properly characterized Mr. Parkhurst’s § 2254 motion as
a “second or successive application.” His previous motion, which also presented
an ineffective assistance claim, was dismissed due to state procedural default.
Parkhurst v. Shillinger, 128 F.3d 1366, 1370 (10th Cir. 1997) (citing Castille v.
Peoples, 489 U.S. 346, 351 (1989)). Because that disposition was on the merits,
the current application is considered successive. See Carter v. United States, 150
F.3d 202, 205–06 (2d Cir. 1998) (per curiam); see also Henderson v. Lampert,
396 F.3d 1049, 1053 (9th Cir. 2005); cf. Hawkins v. Evans, 64 F.3d 543, 547
(10th Cir. 1995) (concluding that dismissal based on procedural default was on
the merits under pre-AEDPA successive petition doctrine). Therefore, absent
prior authorization from this circuit, the district court lacked jurisdiction to hear
the current application. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(3).
B. Mr. Parkhurst’s § 2254 Motion Is Time-Barred
In addition, Mr. Parkhurst’s § 2254 motion is barred by AEDPA’s one-year
statute of limitations. Mr. Parkhurst admits his motion is untimely but claims
equitable tolling is warranted for two reasons: 1) he did not discover his
attorney’s conflict of interest until after his direct appeal had concluded, and 2)
he recently discovered a relevant legal defense.
Mr. Parkhurst’s first argument is unavailing. Although he did not discover
trial counsel’s alleged conflict of interest until after his direct appeal, Mr.
Parkhurst could have filed a postconviction ineffective assistance claim. As we
previously explained, “Wyoming’s postconviction scheme afforded [Mr.
-2-
Parkhurst] the equivalent of direct appellate review of his ineffective assistance
claim.” Parkhurst, 128 F.3d at 1371. Mr. Parkhurst has not shown that he
diligently pursued postconviction relief, or that extraordinary circumstances
prevented timely filing. See Holland v. Flordia, 130 S. Ct. 2549, 2562 (2010).
Therefore, he is not entitled to equitable tolling. See id.In reaching this conclusion, we reject Mr. Parkhurst’s argument that
Martinez v. Ryan, 132 S. Ct. 1309 (2012), compels a different outcome. Martinez
involved an Arizona law that prohibited ineffective assistance claims to be raised
on direct appeal. The Court held that:
[w]here, under state law, claims of ineffective assistance of trial
counsel must be raised in an initial-review collateral proceeding, a
procedural default will not bar a federal habeas court from hearing a
substantial claim of ineffective assistance at trial if, in the initial-
review collateral proceeding, there was no counsel or counsel . . .
was ineffective.
Id. at 1320 (emphasis added).
As the district court correctly noted, Martinez is distinguishable. Unlike
Arizona, Wyoming does not prohibit a defendant from bringing an ineffective
assistance claim on direct appeal. See Wyo. Stat. Ann. §§ 7-12-308, 7-14-103;
Schreibvogel v. State, 269 P.3d 1098, 1102 (Wyo. 2012). From a practical
perspective, it appears Mr. Parkhurst was unable raise his claim on direct
appeal—but the state of Wyoming did not preclude him from doing so. See
Banks v. Workman, 692 F.3d 1133, 1148 (10th Cir. 2012). Therefore, the district
-3-
court’s decision to deny Mr. Parkhurst’s motion to alter or amend his petition to
include a Martinez argument is not reasonably debatable. See Martinez, 132 S.
Ct. at 1315 (characterizing its holding as a “narrow exception”); see also Banks,
692 F.3d at 1148.
We further deny equitable tolling based on Mr. Parkhurst’s recent
discovery of a relevant legal defense. “[I]t is well established that ignorance of
the law, even for an incarcerated pro se petitioner, generally does not excuse
prompt filing.” Marsh v. Soares, 223 F.3d 1217, 1220 (10th Cir. 2000) (quotation
omitted); see also United States v. Denny, 694 F.3d 1185, 1191 (10th Cir. 2012).
In light of the facts alleged, we do not find an “extraordinary circumstance” that
would warrant equitable tolling. See Marsh, 223 F.3d at 1220. 1
C. Petition for Initial En Banc Hearing
Finally, we deny the petition for an initial en banc hearing. Mr. Parkhurst
has not met Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 35(b)’s requirement that the
petition begin with a statement that either: “consideration by the full court is . . .
necessary to secure and maintain uniformity of the court’s decisions” or “the
proceeding involves one or more questions of exceptional importance.” The cases
Mr. Parkhurst cites are not contradictory—they illustrate a general rule and its
1
We also reject Mr. Parkhurst’s claim that equitable tolling is warranted
because he is actually innocent. “[A] defendant cannot be actually innocent of a
noncapital sentence.” United States v. Denny, 694 F.3d 1185, 1191 (10th Cir.
2012) (quotation omitted).
-4-
exception. In general, a prisoner must obtain prior circuit authorization to pursue
a second or successive § 2254 petition. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(3). However, prior
authorization is unnecessary where the previous petition was dismissed for failure
to exhaust state remedies that remain available. Calcari v. Ortiz, No. 04-1422,
2005 WL 300424, *1 n.2 (10th Cir. Feb. 9, 2005). Mr. Parkhurst also has failed
to identify a question of exceptional importance.
We AFFIRM the district court’s order dismissing the petition and denying
Mr. Parkhurst’s motion to amend. We also DENY a COA and DENY the motion
for an initial hearing en banc.
Entered for the Court
Paul J. Kelly, Jr.
Circuit Judge
-5-