United States v. Slinkard ( 2013 )

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
July 26, 2013
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
TENTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
No. 12-5202
v. (D.Ct. No. 4:12-CR-00085-GKF-1)
(N.D. Okla.)
MATTHEW DAVID SLINKARD,
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before PORFILIO and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges, and BRORBY, Senior
Circuit Judge.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination
of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
A jury convicted Appellant Matthew David Slinkard of one count of
distribution of child pornography in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(2) and
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. It may be cited,
however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th
Cir. R. 32.1.
(b)(1) and one count of possession and attempted possession of child pornography
in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(4)(B) and (b)(2). The district court sentenced
him to 264 months imprisonment for the distribution count and 240 months
imprisonment on the possession count, to run concurrently. While Mr. Slinkard
appeals his convictions and sentences, his attorney has filed an Anders brief and a
request to withdraw as counsel, which we treat as a motion to withdraw as
counsel. See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744 (1967). For the reasons set
forth hereafter, we grant counsel’s motion to withdraw and dismiss this appeal.
I. Background
After a jury convicted Mr. Slinkard on both child pornography counts, a
probation officer prepared a presentence report, calculating his sentences under
the applicable 2011 United States Sentencing Guidelines (“Guidelines” or
“U.S.S.G.”). The probation officer set his base offense level at 22 under U.S.S.G.
§ 2G2.2(a)(2), based on his conviction in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(2), 1
and added several levels of enhancements 2 for a total offense level of 37, which,
1
Pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 3D1.3(b), the two counts on which Mr. Slinkard
was convicted were grouped together, and the base level for the distribution of
child pornography count, which was the highest level, was used to calculate his
advisory Guidelines range.
2
These enhancements included two levels under § 2G2.2(b)(2) for
possessing pornographic material involving a prepubescent minor; two levels
under § 2G2.2(b)(3)(F) for distributing pornographic material; four levels under
§ 2G2.2(b)(4) because his offense involved portrayals of sadistic or masochistic
conduct or other depictions of violence; two levels under § 2G2.2(b)(6) because
(continued...)
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together with his criminal history category of II, resulted in an advisory
Guidelines range of 235 to 293 months imprisonment. The probation officer also
noted Mr. Slinkard’s conviction for distribution of child pornography carried a
minimum sentence of fifteen years and maximum sentence of not more than forty
years, and his conviction for possession of child pornography carried a minimum
sentence of ten years and maximum sentence of not more than twenty years.
While Mr. Slinkard did not object to the presentence report or the calculation of
his sentences, he filed a sentencing memorandum, requesting a downward
variance under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) for imposition of 180-month (fifteen-year)
sentences. 3 In turn, the government filed a motion for an upward variance,
requesting the statutory maximum sentence of forty years imprisonment on his
2
(...continued)
he used a computer for the receipt, distribution, and possession of pornography;
and five levels under § 2G2.2(b)(7)(D) because he possessed 600 or more images.
3
Mr. Slinkard based his request for a downward variance, in part, on
grounds: (1) he was not involved in the actual production of child pornography
and did not pay for the pornographic materials so that a lesser sentence would
promote respect for the law, provide just punishment, and reflect the seriousness
of his offense; (2) such a sentence would be sufficient to deter him from future
crimes while still protecting the public; (3) a lesser sentence would be sufficient
for him to receive needed mental health care and other correctional treatment; and
(4) such a sentence would be sufficient, but not greater than necessary, to comply
with the purposes of criminal punishment. He also pointed to cases in which
defendants convicted for actual sexual exploitation received fifteen years or less
imprisonment.
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distribution of child pornography conviction. 4
At the sentencing hearing, Mr. Slinkard did not object to the calculation of
his sentences or request a departure but renewed his arguments for below-
Guidelines-range sentences. After hearing the parties’ variant sentencing
arguments and Mr. Slinkard’s allocution, the district court denied both parties’
motions for variant sentences. In so doing, the district court acknowledged that
143 months imprisonment is the national average sentence in child pornography
cases involving a criminal history category of II; the Guidelines sentence in this
case represented a sentence approximately forty percent higher than the average
sentence imposed; and Mr. Slinkard’s advisory Guidelines range of 235 to 293
months imprisonment was significant and would result in him being incarcerated
for a large portion of his remaining life. It also noted he had never received
treatment for his sexual perversions or addictions to child pornography.
Nevertheless, the district court pointed out: (1) the images and videos possessed
and distributed by him in the instant offenses were “egregious and perverted,” and
(2) Mr. Slinkard’s prior conviction for sexual abuse of a three-year-old girl in a
4
The government argued such a sentence was “the only way to protect the
public” from Mr. Slinkard based, in part, on: (1) his criminal history, which it
pointed out included a prior conviction for molesting a three-year-old child who
he supervised in a church nursery; and (2) the nature of his offense and personal
characteristics, including his admission he downloaded child pornography of
infants and children under the age of two; masturbated to images of children;
avoids encountering children to prevent being tempted; and has an unquenchable
sexual appetite for children, even after serving a five-year sentence for molesting
a three-year-old child.
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church nursery involved lewd molestation of that child and represented extremely
dangerous and depraved conduct with the capacity to produce lifetime victims.
After denying the parties’ motions for variant sentencing, the district court
determined sentences within the advisory Guidelines would sufficiently
accomplish the purposes of 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) and, in so doing, expressly stated
it had considered the nature and circumstances of Mr. Slinkard’s instant offenses;
his prior criminal conduct; his personal history and characteristics; and the need
to protect the public, afford adequate deterrents for future criminal conduct, and
provide treatment, including sex offender treatment. It also stated its belief that
within-Guidelines-range sentencing would reflect the seriousness of the offense,
promote respect for the law, provide just punishment, allow for correctional
treatment in the most efficient manner, protect the public from further crimes, and
provide deterrence. In discussing the § 3553(a) sentencing factors, the district
court stated it had considered not only Mr. Slinkard’s lewd molestation of a three-
year-old child but the fact he “possessed and distributed 1,298 images and 31
videos of prepubescent children forced to engage in oral, vaginal and anal sex
with adults, as well as depictions of child bondage and rape.” It then sentenced
Mr. Slinkard to concurrent sentences of 264 months imprisonment for the
distribution of child pornography count and 240 months imprisonment for the
possession of child pornography count.
After Mr. Slinkard filed a timely notice of appeal, his counsel filed an
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Anders brief, explaining a careful review of the record and applicable law
revealed no legally nonfrivolous issues for appeal in this case and requesting an
order allowing his withdrawal as Mr. Slinkard’s counsel. See Anders, 386 U.S. at
744. In support of his Anders filing, counsel points out Mr. Slinkard’s sentences
are properly calculated and substantively reasonable, given the district court
expressly considered the requisite § 3553(a) factors before imposing within-
Guidelines sentences.
Pursuant to Anders, this court gave Mr. Slinkard an opportunity to respond
to his counsel’s Anders brief. See 386 U.S. at 744. Mr. Slinkard filed a one-page
response, claiming ineffective assistance of counsel based on his counsel’s
representation of him during the trial and at sentencing. The government opposes
the appeal, acknowledging Mr. Slinkard’s counsel correctly concluded no
nonfrivolous issues exist for the purpose of contesting his sentences and arguing
Mr. Slinkard’s response based on ineffective assistance of counsel should be
dismissed and asserted in a collateral proceeding rather than on direct appeal.
II. Discussion
As required by Anders, we have conducted a full examination of the record
before us. See 386 U.S. at 744. We decline to review Mr. Slinkard’s ineffective
assistance of counsel claim on which he challenges his convictions as we have
long held such claims should be brought in collateral proceedings and not on
direct appeal. See United States v. Calderon, 428 F.3d 928, 931 (10th Cir. 2005).
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Not only is his ineffective assistance claim inadequately developed in this appeal,
but such a claim should be presented to the district court in a collateral
proceeding for the benefit of its views on the matter. See United States v.
Delacruz-Soto, 414 F.3d 1158, 1168 (10th Cir. 2005).
Turning to Mr. Slinkard’s sentences, we review them for reasonableness as
guided by the factors in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). See United States v. Kristl, 437
F.3d 1050, 1053-55 (10th Cir. 2006) (per curiam). Having made such a review,
we find no nonfrivolous basis for challenging the sentences imposed. The record
supports the district court’s calculation of his advisory Guidelines range, and
because Mr. Slinkard’s sentences are within that range, they are entitled to a
rebuttable presumption of reasonableness. See id. Mr. Slinkard has failed to
rebut this presumption with any nonfrivolous reason warranting lower sentences,
including the requisite showing that his sentences are substantively unreasonable.
Id.
III. Conclusion
For these reasons, we GRANT counsel’s motion to withdraw and
DISMISS this appeal.
Entered by the Court:
WADE BRORBY
United States Circuit Judge
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