Byers v. LeMaster ( 2002 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 14 2002
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
STEVEN M. BYERS,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v. No. 01-2261
(D.C. No. CIV-01-219-LH/KBM)
TIM LEMASTER, Warden; (D. New Mexico)
PATRICIA A. MADRID, Attorney
General for the State of New Mexico,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before SEYMOUR and McKAY, Circuit Judges, and BRORBY, Senior Circuit
Judge.
Mr. Byers, a state prisoner appearing pro se, seeks a certificate of
appealability in order to appeal the district court’s denial of his petition for writ
of habeas corpus filed pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 2254. For the reasons set out
below, we deny Mr. Byers’ request for a certificate of appealability and dismiss
*
After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.
34.1(G). The case is therefore submitted without oral argument. This order and
judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, or collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of
orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the
terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
the appeal. 1
Mr. Byers pled guilty to two property crimes and the trial judge indicated
that he would impose consecutive sentences. Prior to sentencing, Mr. Byers filed
a “Motion for Reconsideration of Sentence” requesting concurrent sentences.
Without ruling on the motion, the trial judge filed a written judgment and
sentence imposing consecutive sentences. The judgment was entered on May 14,
1993, and no appeal was filed.
In October 1999, upon request of the warden where Mr. Byers is
incarcerated, the trial judge amended the judgment and sentence to include a
proper parole term. Mr. Byers filed a motion for relief from the consecutive
sentences in state court in February 2000. The trial judge denied relief on April
10, 2000, and denied Mr. Byers’ subsequent motion for reconsideration. The state
court of appeals dismissed Mr. Byers’ appeal because he had failed to file his
motion for amendment of the amended sentence within the 90-day limit set by
state law. The state supreme court denied Mr. Byers’ motion for a writ of habeas
corpus.
1
Mr. Byers filed what he called a “Motion for Summary Judgment,” asking
us to find in his favor on appeal because the state chose not to file a response
brief. Under our rules, the state may decline to respond to a petitioner’s brief on
appeal. Consequently, we deny Mr. Byer’s motion.
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On February 23, 2001, Mr. Byers filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus
in federal district court. The magistrate judge recommended, sua sponte, that it
be dismissed as not timely under AEDPA. See rec. vol. I, doc. 17. The district
court adopted the findings and recommendations of the magistrate judge and
dismissed Mr. Byers’ petition. The court subsequently denied Mr. Byers’ request
for a certificate of appealability under 28 U.S.C. § 2253.
To determine whether Mr. Byers is entitled to a certificate of appealability
when the district court has denied a habeas petition on procedural grounds, we
examine whether he has made a substantial showing “that jurists of reason would
find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a
constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the
district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S.
473, 478 (2000) (construing 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)). Pursuant to AEDPA, the
district court determined that Mr. Byers’ state court conviction became final on
May 14, 1993, and that because his conviction was final before April 24, 1996,
Mr. Byers had a grace period of 365 days, until April 24, 1997, to file a habeas
petition pursuant to § 2254. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d); see also United States v.
Simmonds, 111 F.3d 737, 746 (10th Cir. 1997). Because Mr. Byers did not file
his federal habeas petition until February 23, 2001, long after his state conviction
became final, the district court dismissed his federal habeas petition as untimely.
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Mr. Byers argues that his sentence did not become final until it was
amended on October 19, 1999, to include the proper parole term. Even assuming
that were true, however, Mr. Byers’ habeas petition was still untimely. Under this
scenario, Mr. Byers would have a year from October 19, 1999, or until October
19, 2000, to timely file his petition in federal court unless the time was tolled.
Under AEDPA, “[t]he time during which a properly filed application for state
post-conviction or other collateral review with respect to the pertinent judgment
or claim is pending shall not be counted toward any period of limitation under this
subsection.” 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2). In this circuit, a “properly filed”
application is one that satisfies the filing requirements for subsequent state relief,
including the time of filing. Habteselassie v. Novak, 209 F.3d 1208 (10th Cir.
2000).
Mr. Byers did not file his motion seeking relief from the consecutive
sentences set forth in the amended judgment and sentence until February 9, 2000,
113 days after the amended judgment was filed. New Mexico requires such
motions to be filed within 90 days of the trial court’s decision. Rule 5-801
NMRA 2000. The state court of appeals held that the motion was not timely
filed. As a result, the time during which Mr. Byers’ claims were proceeding in
the state courts is not exempted from the AEDPA-imposed 365-day limit. Mr.
Byers filed his federal habeas petition on February 23, 2001, well over a year
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after his state court sentence became final, whichever date we use. We conclude,
therefore, that Mr. Byers’ petition is time-barred under AEDPA.
We have reviewed Mr. Byers’ briefs, the magistrate judge’s order, the
district court’s order and judgment, and the entire record on appeal. Because Mr.
Byers’ section 2254 petition was due at the latest by October 19, 2000, and he
failed to file his petition for a writ of habeas corpus within that time period, the
district court’s dismissal of his petition as time-barred was correct. In addition,
for the reasons stated by the district court in its Order filed July 18, 2001, rec.
vol. I, doc. 19, we hold that Mr. Byers is not entitled to equitable tolling of the
AEDPA limitations period. When, as here, a claim is denied on procedural
grounds without reaching the merits of the underlying constitutional claim, a
COA should issue only if the petitioner shows that “jurists of reason would find it
debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.”
McDaniel, 120 S.Ct. at 1604. Mr. Byers has made no such showing, and we
therefore deny his request for a COA on this claim. 2
2
We decline to address issues Mr. Byers has raised for the first time on
appeal.
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We DENY the request for a certificate of appealability and DISMISS the
appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Stephanie K. Seymour
Circuit Judge
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