Smith v. (NFN)(NMI) Commandant, United States Disciplinary Barracks , 48 F. App'x 712 ( 2002 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
SEP 27 2002
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
PATRICK M. SMITH,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v. No. 01-3399
(D.C. No. 00-CV-3170-RDR)
(NFN) (NMI) COMMANDANT, (D. Kansas)
United States Disciplinary Barracks,
Respondent - Appellee.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before O’BRIEN and PORFILIO , Circuit Judges, and KANE , ** Senior District
Judge.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination
of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
**
The Honorable John L. Kane, Senior District Judge, United States District
Court for the District of Colorado, sitting by designation.
Petitioner Patrick M. Smith, a military prisoner appearing pro se, appeals
from the district court’s order dismissing his 28 U.S.C. § 2241 petition for writ of
habeas corpus. Our jurisdiction arises under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm.
After petitioner entered a guilty plea to the charges, a military judge sitting
as a general court-martial convicted petitioner of the kidnaping, rape, and felony
murder of a female child slightly less than three years of age. The military judge
sentenced petitioner to a dishonorable discharge, confinement for life, forfeiture
of all pay and allowances, and reduction to the rank of Private E1, and he
imposed a fine of $100,000. The military judge also included an enforcement
provision for the collection of the fine which provided that, in the event the fine
was not paid by the time petitioner was considered for parole, petitioner would be
further confined for additional fifty years or until the fine is paid, or he dies,
whichever occurs first.
Petitioner appealed to the United States Army Court of Criminal Appeals
(Army Court), arguing, among other things, that the military judge exceeded his
sentencing authority in imposing the $100,000 fine and the related enforcement
provision, and that the fine was unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment.
The Army Court concluded that the military judge exceeded his sentencing
authority in imposing the fine enforcement provision, but it affirmed the fine in
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all other respects. See United States v. Smith , 44 M.J. 720, 722-25 (A. Ct. Crim.
App. 1996).
Petitioner then filed two petitions for review in the United States Court of
Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF), arguing once again, among other things,
that the $100,000 fine was unconstitutional. R., Doc. 9, Attach. 4, at 2-4 and
Attach. 7, at 3-7. After remanding the case to the Army Court on an unrelated
issue, the CAAF summarily affirmed the constitutionality of the fine. Id. Attach.
6, at 5 and Attach. 8.
Petitioner then filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the Army Court.
In his petition and related filings, petitioner asserted the following claims: (1) the
military judge was statutorily unqualified, and therefore without jurisdiction, to
act as a military judge under 10 U.S.C. § 826(b) because he was not an active
member of a federal bar or the bar of the highest court of a state at the time of the
court-martial; (2) the military judge exceeded his sentencing authority in
imposing the $100,000 fine; (3) petitioner’s guilty plea was coerced and
involuntary and amounted to an Alford plea; and (4) despite the fact that a referral
letter from the Army Court appointed the Defense Appellate Division, U.S. Army
Legal Services Agency, to represent petitioner in the military habeas proceeding,
petitioner was never contacted by the Defense Appellate Division and he was
deprived of his right to counsel under 10 U.S.C. § 870(c)(2). R., Doc. 9, Attach.
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9, at 3-6 and Attach. 16, at 3-11. After the government filed responses to
separate orders entered by the Army Court directing it to show cause why the
petition should not be granted and to demonstrate why the military judge was
qualified to conduct the court-martial, id. Attachs. 10, 14, 15, and 17, the Army
Court entered an order summarily denying the petition, id. Attach. 11.
Petitioner then filed a habeas petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 in the United
States District Court for the District of Kansas, asserting the same claims he
asserted in his military habeas petition. Id. Doc. 1 at 6-7. In a very thorough and
well-reasoned memorandum and order, the district court dismissed the petition
and denied all relief because it concluded that the military courts had given full
and fair consideration to petitioner’s claims and that the claims are without
merit. 1 Id. Doc. 36 at 3-9. On appeal, petitioner asserts the same habeas claims
that he presented to the Army Court and the district court.
A federal district court’s habeas review of a military court-martial is
limited. It will not review a petitioner’s claims if the military courts fully and
fairly considered the claims. Lips v. Commandant, United States Disciplinary
Barracks , 997 F.2d 808, 811 (10th Cir. 1993). This court has held that if an issue
was raised before the military courts, four conditions must be met before a district
1
The district court also denied petitioner’s motion for reconsideration. R.,
Doc. 39.
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court may review the issue: (1) the asserted error is of substantial constitutional
dimension; (2) the issue is one of law rather than fact; (3) there are no military
considerations that warrant different treatment of the constitutional claims; and
(4) the military courts failed to give adequate consideration to issues involved or
failed to apply the proper legal standards. Id. Further, when an issue has been
briefed and argued before a military tribunal, a federal habeas court assumes the
military tribunal has given the claim full and fair consideration, even if the
military court summarily disposed of the issue. Watson v. McCotter , 782 F.2d
143, 145 (10th Cir. 1986).
The district court correctly ruled that federal habeas review is inappropriate
in this case because the military courts fully and fairly considered petitioner’s
claims. And even if petitioner’s claim regarding the qualifications of the military
judge could be characterized as raising a jurisdictional issue, see Monk v. Zelez ,
901 F.2d 885, 888 (10th Cir. 1990) (indicating that jurisdictional issues arising
from court-martial proceedings are reviewed de novo), we agree with the district
court that petitioner has failed to establish that the military judge was unqualified
under 10 U.S.C. § 826(b).
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We AFFIRM the judgment of the district court for substantially the same
reasons stated in its memorandum and order dated November 14, 2001.
Entered for the Court
John C. Porfilio
Circuit Judge
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