Jurgevich v. McGary , 63 F. App'x 448 ( 2003 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
APR 21 2003
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
STANLEY P. JURGEVICH,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 02-1291
(D.C. No. 01-M-2032)
WALTER McGARY, Chief Medical (D. Colo.)
Officer DOC; ORVILLE NEUFELD;
DON LAWSON, Chief Pharmacy
Officer, DOC; JUDITH M.
LENHART, Vice Pres. Operations,
Defendants-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before EBEL , HENRY , and MURPHY , Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Plaintiff Stanley P. Jurgevich, a Colorado prisoner proceeding pro se,
appeals from the grant of summary judgment in favor of defendants in his civil
rights suit brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The district court concluded that
summary judgement was proper because none of the named defendants were
personally involved in the incident leading to the suit. We affirm.
I.
Plaintiff’s complaint stems from his attempts to obtain relief from heel
spurs. The dispute came to a head after plaintiff’s podiatrist requested surgery on
March 22, 2001. That request was twice denied by Colorado Access, which has
a contract with the Colorado Department of Corrections to act as a third party
administrator to manage the health services provided to inmates. Colorado
Access ultimately approved the surgery on September 12, 2001, but plaintiff did
not undergo surgery until October 22, 2001. In the interim, plaintiff sued.
Plaintiff’s original complaint named defendants McGary, Neufeld, Lawson,
and Lenhart, and alleged the following:
Claimant’s 8th Amendment right against Cruel and Unusual
Punishment has been and is being violated, to wit: Despite the fact
that two doctors have diagnosed the Claimant as having a recognized
medical condition that needs surgery to correct, the Defendants have
denied said treatment. Further, Defendant’s [sic] have also denied
any stop-gap measures to alleviate the Claimant’s continuous pain
and discomfort. This has been going on for years now.
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R., doc. 3 at 3. Plaintiff included documentation of his attempts to rectify the
problem through the prison grievance procedure. Those documents alleged
significant pain due to a denial of adequate or effective treatment for
approximately four years.
On February 1, 2002, defendants filed their motion for summary judgment.
The same day, plaintiff filed a motion to amend his pro se complaint to name
three additional defendants. The district court struck that motion for failure to
comply with Fed. R. Civ. P. 15 and for failure to state sufficient claims against
the new defendants. On March 7, 2002, plaintiff filed a second motion to amend,
naming five additional defendants and including a more detailed recitation of
factual allegations. As stated by plaintiff, the amendment was only necessary to
rectify his mistake in initially identifying the proper parties; his claims
concerning the new defendants “ar[o]se of the same conduct, transaction or
occur[r]ence as set forth in the original pleading.” R., doc. 23 at 3.
By order dated March 12, 2002, the district court deferred ruling on
plaintiff’s motion, pending the court’s decision on summary judgment. The
district court ultimately granted defendants’ motion, correctly ruling that the
original defendants had no personal involvement in the alleged delay of medical
treatment. See Coleman v. Turpen, 697 F.2d 1341, 1346 n.7 (10th Cir. 1982)
(holding that a defendant cannot be liable under § 1983 unless personally
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involved in the deprivation). 1
The district court then dismissed plaintiff’s action
with prejudice without ruling on his motion to amend. Plaintiff filed a timely
motion to alter or amend the judgment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 59, requesting the
district court to reinstate his amended complaint naming the proper parties. The
district court denied that motion summarily, and this appeal followed.
II.
We review the grant of summary judgment de novo, applying the same
standard the district court applied under Federal Rule 56(c). O’Toole v. Northrop
Grumman Corp., 305 F.3d 1222, 1225 (10th Cir. 2002). Summary judgment is
warranted “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and
admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no
genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a
judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). “An issue of fact is
‘material’ if under the substantive law it is essential to the proper disposition of
the claim.” Adler v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 144 F.3d 664, 670 (10th Cir. 1998).
“[A]n issue of material fact is genuine only if the nonmovant presents facts such
that a reasonable jury could find in favor of the nonmovant.” Simms v. Okla.
ex rel. Dep’t of Mental Health & Substance Abuse Servs., 165 F.3d 1321, 1326
1
Despite her designation as a defendant on the district court’s docket sheet,
Judith Lenhart was never served and never appeared before the court in this case.
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(10th Cir. 1999). If the movants carry their initial burden of a prima facie
demonstration of the absence of a genuine issue of material fact and entitlement
to judgment as a matter of law, “the nonmovant . . . may not simply rest upon
[his] pleadings; the burden shifts to the nonmovant to go beyond the pleadings
and ‘set forth specific facts’ that would be admissible in evidence in the event of
trial from which a rational trier of fact could find for the nonmovant.” Adler,
144 F.3d at 671. Because plaintiff appears pro se, his pleadings must be
construed liberally. Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21 (1972) (per curiam).
III.
On appeal, plaintiff argues that the district court should have allowed him
to amend his complaint to add those defendants that allegedly had direct
involvement in delaying plaintiff’s medical treatment. Rule 15(a) states that
“[a] party may amend the party’s pleading once as a matter of course at any time
before a responsive pleading is served.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a). After that, the
party may amend only by leave of the court or by written consent of the adverse
party. Id. The right to amend is never absolute, however, as a district court may
deny a motion to amend if the court concludes that the amendment would be
futile. Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962).
Nevertheless, it is error for the district court to deny a motion to amend
without supplying a justification. Fed. Ins. Co. v. Gates Learjet Corp., 823 F.2d
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383, 387 (10th Cir. 1987). Indeed, the Supreme Court has stated that “outright
refusal to grant the leave without any justifying reason appearing for the denial is
not an exercise of discretion; it is merely abuse of that discretion and inconsistent
with the spirit of the Federal Rules.” Foman, 371 U.S. at 182.
In this case, plaintiff filed two motions to amend. The district court struck
the first motion for failure to comply with Rule 15 and because it “fail[ed] to state
sufficient claims against the defendants sought to be added.” R., doc. 19 at 1.
This was proper as plaintiff’s motion relied on nonspecific and conclusory
allegations to implicate each of the three additional defendants. See Hall v.
Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991) (“[C]onclusory allegations
without supporting factual averments are insufficient to state a claim on which
relief can be based.”).
The district court deferred ruling on the second motion to amend until
it ruled on defendant’s motion for summary judgment. When it ruled on the
summary judgment motion, however, it did not mention the outstanding motion to
amend. Moreover, when presented with plaintiff’s Rule 59 motion requesting the
district court to reinstate his complaint as amended, the court denied that motion
summarily. Under Rule 15, a plaintiff has a right to amend his complaint once
as a matter of course before defendant has filed and served a responsive pleading.
A motion for summary judgment, like a motion to dismiss, is not considered to be
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a “responsive pleading” and therefore does not cut off a plaintiff’s right to amend
without leave of court. See Brever v. Rockwell Int’l Corp., 40 F.3d 1119, 1131
(10th Cir. 1994) (“Because defendants’ motions to dismiss or for summary
judgment were not responsive pleadings, [plaintiff] could have amended her
complaint prior to dismissal without requesting or receiving leave of the court.”);
see also Zaidi v. Ehrlich, 732 F.2d 1218, 1219-20 (5th Cir. 1984) (holding that a
motion for summary judgment is not a responsive pleading). Therefore, plaintiff
should have been allowed to amend his complaint, subject only to the district
court’s reasoned determination that the proposed amendment would be futile.
The court made no such determination, and therefore erred in summarily denying
plaintiff’s motion.
“Although, as a general rule, the district court must give a reason for its
refusal [to allow amendment], failure to state a reason can be harmless error
where the reason is apparent.” Pallottino v. City of Rio Rancho, 31 F.3d 1023,
1027 (10th Cir. 1994) (quotation and citation omitted). As we have previously
noted, a district court may properly deny a motion to amend a pleading if the
amendment would be futile. Foman, 371 U.S. at 182. More specifically, this
court has held that “[a] proposed amendment is futile if the complaint, as
amended, would be subject to dismissal for any reason, including that the
amendment would not survive a motion for summary judgment.” Watson ex rel.
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Watson v. Beckel, 242 F.3d 1237, 1239-40 (10th Cir. 2001). Based on the record
in the present case, we conclude that it is apparent plaintiff could not meet his
burden at the summary judgment stage to show a genuine issue of material fact on
his claim of an Eighth Amendment violation, regardless of the defendants named
in the suit. Plaintiff concedes that the amendment itself was based on the same
facts used to support his claim against the current defendants, and was being
sought only to name the proper parties. Plaintiff also argued the merits of his
constitutional claim and filed supporting documents in his responses to the motion
for summary judgment. As we explain more fully below, at the time the district
court ruled on summary judgment, the futility in amending plaintiff’s complaint to
name defendants that were more personally involved in his claim was readily
apparent. Therefore, we conclude that the district court’s failure to provide
reasons for denying the proposed amendment is harmless.
IV.
A violation of the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of cruel and unusual
punishment may be shown by “deliberate indifference to serious medical needs.”
Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976); see also Olson v. Stotts, 9 F.3d 1475,
1477 (10th Cir. 1993) (“Delay in medical care can only constitute an Eighth
Amendment violation if there has been deliberate indifference which results in
substantial harm.”) (quotation omitted). To meet the deliberate indifference
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standard, however, a prisoner’s claim of medical mistreatment must allege more
than mere accident or even negligence. “[O]nly the unnecessary and wanton
infliction of pain implicates the Eighth Amendment.” Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S.
294, 297 (1991) (quotations and emphasis omitted). Delay in medical care, by
itself, does not support a constitutional claim. Olson, 9 F.3d at 1477. Moreover,
mere disagreement with the medical judgment of prison doctors concerning
treatment does not support a claim of cruel and unusual punishment. Id.In their motion for summary judgment, defendants argued that they had no
personal involvement in plaintiff’s case and, alternatively, that plaintiff did not
sufficiently allege a constitutional violation. Defendants attached medical records
to bolster their contention that plaintiff received routine treatment for his feet
until surgery was recommended and, five months later, ultimately approved. In
his response, plaintiff argued that the same medical evidence demonstrated a three
to five year delay in surgery, and that this delay, coupled with the arbitrariness of
the denials of various treatment requests, showed deliberate indifference to his
serious medical need. Plaintiff’s “Request to Amend Pleading Number 2” argued
essentially the same thing, while tying his substantive claims to the actions of the
additional defendants.
Our independent review of the record confirms the absence of a
constitutional deprivation. Plaintiff’s contention that he began experiencing pain
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as early as 1996 is unsupported, but also undisputed. The medical documentation
submitted by both parties shows appropriate, albeit escalating medical treatment
from 1998 until plaintiff’s podiatrist recommended surgery in March 2001.
Plaintiff’s contention that surgery was considered as early as 1998 is also
undisputed; his associated argument that this earlier consideration of surgery
demonstrates deliberate indifference is significantly diminished by later
documents evidencing plaintiff’s stated preference for alternatives to surgery.
During that period of time between plaintiff’s formal request for surgery and the
surgery itself, the record reveals that the request was denied twice due to the lack
of supporting evidence. Each time, plaintiff’s doctor promptly appealed and
supplied the needed documentation, until the request was ultimately approved.
Overall, the record in this case presents evidence of reasonable responses to
plaintiff’s gradually increasing complaints of pain, and the inevitable bureaucratic
delays associated with obtaining approval for surgery. The record does not
present “evidence . . . from which a rational trier of fact could find for [plaintiff]”
on his Eighth Amendment claim. Adler, 144 F.3d at 671. While the district court
granted summary judgment for the reason that the named defendants were not
personally involved in the alleged delay of medical treatment, “we are free to
affirm a district court decision on any grounds for which there is a record
sufficient to permit conclusions of law, even grounds not relied upon by the
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district court.” Lambertsen v. Utah Dep’t of Corr., 79 F.3d 1024, 1029 (10th Cir.
1996) (quotation omitted). Accordingly, summary judgment was proper against
plaintiff on his Eighth Amendment claim.
V.
In his briefs on appeal, plaintiff also suggests that the record was not
sufficiently developed to support a decision on summary judgment. This
contention implicates Rule 56(f), which permits the district court, in its
discretion, to order a continuance “to permit affidavits to be obtained or
depositions to be taken or discovery to be had.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(f). In the
present case, plaintiff responded to the motion for summary judgment with a brief
and exhibits, but also generally asserted that he did not possess all of his medical
documentation or records, suggesting that he could not present “facts essential to
justify [his] opposition.” Id. As we have previously explained, however,
[t]he protection afforded by Rule 56(f) is an alternative to a response
in opposition to summary judgment under 56(e) and is designed to
safeguard against a premature or improvident grant of summary
judgment. Rule 56(f) may not be invoked by the mere assertion that
discovery is incomplete or that specific facts necessary to oppose
summary judgment are unavailable; the opposing party must
demonstrate how additional time will enable him to rebut movants
allegations of no genuine issue of fact.
Pasternak v. Lear Petroleum Exploration, Inc., 790 F.2d 828, 833 (10th Cir.
1986) (citation and quotation omitted). As in Pasternak, even ignoring plaintiff’s
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failure to file an affidavit explaining the need for additional discovery as
mandated by Rule 56(f), plaintiff’s general assertion to the district court also
“falls far short of showing how the desired time would enable [him] to meet
[his] burden in opposing summary judgment.” Id.The judgment of the United States District Court for the District of
Colorado is AFFIRMED.
Entered for the Court
David M. Ebel
Circuit Judge
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