United States v. Montgomery ( 2003 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
OCT 22 2003
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
No. 03-6075
v. (D.C. No. 01-CR-24-T)
(W.D. Okla.)
ROY WOOD MONTGOMERY,
Defendant - Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before KELLY, BRISCOE, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges. **
Defendant-Appellant Roy Montgomery pled guilty to one count of
conspiracy to commit bank fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 371, pursuant to a plea agreement.
Aplt. App. at 13-25. He was sentenced to fourteen months imprisonment and
three years of supervised release. He was also ordered to pay restitution to the
victim bank (“Bank”) in the amount of $1,703,500. On appeal, he argues that
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. This court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
**
After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge
panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material
assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th
Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
restitution was improper because the Bank has been compensated fully for its
losses, an argument the district court rejected in a written opinion. Aplt. App. 10-
12. We do not reach the merits because Mr. Montgomery’s plea agreement
included a provision waiving his right to appeal or collaterally attack his
sentence. Aplee. Supp. App. at 17-19. Our jurisdiction arises under 28 U.S.C.
§ 1291, and we dismiss the appeal.
This court “construe[s] a defendant’s plea agreement according to contract
principles and what the defendant reasonably understood when he entered his
plea.” United States v. Chavez-Salais, 337 F.3d 1170, 1172 (10th Cir. 2003)
(internal quotation marks omitted). Therefore, a “defendant’s knowing and
voluntary waiver of the statutory right to appeal his sentence is generally
enforceable.” United States v. Elliot, 264 F.3d 1171, 1173 (10th Cir. 2001)
(quotation omitted). However, because even a defendant who chooses to waive
his appellate rights does not thereby
subject himself to being sentenced entirely at the whim of the district
court[,] [a]ppellate waivers are subject to certain exceptions, including
where the district court relied on an impermissible factor such as race,
where ineffective assistance of counsel in connection with the negotiation
of the waiver renders the waiver invalid, where the sentence exceeds the
statutory maximum, or where the waiver is otherwise unlawful.
Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). We have also recognized that a valid
waiver must be knowing and voluntary. See United States v. Cockerham, 237
F.3d 1179, 1183 (10th Cir. 2001); see also Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b). Absent one of
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these narrow exceptions, we generally will enforce waivers of appellate review.
See, e.g., Elliott, 264 F.3d at 1173; United States v. Rubio, 231 F.3d 709, 712
(10th Cir. 2000); United States v. Hernandez, 134 F.3d 1435, 1437 (10th Cir.
1998).
The plea agreement signed by Mr. Montgomery on October 19, 2000,
expressly provides that he “knowingly and voluntarily waives his right to appeal
or collaterally challenge . . . Defendant’s sentence as imposed by the Court and
the manner in which the sentence is determined.” Aplee. Supp. App. at 18. He
affirmed that waiver at the change of plea hearing. Aplt. App. at 23. Mr.
Montgomery does not assert that his waiver was not knowingly and voluntarily
made, that the district court relied on an impermissible factor in sentencing, that
he had ineffective assistance of counsel, or that the district court made an upward
departure from the sentencing guidelines. Instead, Mr. Montgomery essentially
claims that the imposition of restitution was improper because of a civil
settlement between the Bank and others.
Mr. Montgomery’s objections to imposition of restitution were thoroughly
aired in the district court and rejected. See Aplt. App. at 36-95. To allow Mr.
Montgomery to appeal the district court’s sentence “would be to allow [him] to
render a sham his promise not to contest his conviction and sentence in any direct
or collateral appeal and would deprive the government of the benefit of its
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bargain, for which it rendered valuable consideration to [Montgomery].” Elliot,
264 F.3d at 1174 (internal quotation marks omitted).
Accordingly, having found the waiver valid, and this appeal falling within
its plain language, we enforce the waiver and DISMISS this appeal.
Entered for the Court
Paul J. Kelly, Jr.
Circuit Judge
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