United States v. Curtis ( 2007 )

FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES CO URT O F APPEALS
October 25, 2007
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
TENTH CIRCUIT Clerk of Court
U N ITED STA TES O F A M ER ICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee, No. 07-5115
v. (N.D. Oklahoma)
ANDRE CU RTIS, (D.C. No. 01-CR-00003-TCK)
Defendant - Appellant.
OR D ER AND JUDGM ENT *
Before L UC ER O, HA RTZ, and GORSUCH, Circuit Judges.
Andre Curtis, a federal prisoner, appeals the denial of his motion to modify
his 2,271-month sentence. Because the district court lacked jurisdiction to
modify M r. Curtis’s sentence under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c), we affirm.
On December 21, 2001, M r. Curtis w as convicted by a jury on eight counts
of robbery, see 18 U.S.C. § 1951, and eight counts of using a firearm during a
crime of violence, see id. § 924(c). Sentences imposed under § 924(c) must run
*
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is
not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,
and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value
consistent w ith Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
consecutively to each other and to any other sentence imposed. See id.
§ 924(c)(1)(D). On April 4, 2002, the United States District Court for the
Northern District of Oklahoma sentenced M r. Curtis to the statutory minimum of
2,184 months’ imprisonment for his firearm convictions and to 87 months for his
robbery convictions, at the bottom of the sentencing range under the United States
Sentencing Guidelines (USSG), for a total of 2,271 months.
On direct appeal this court affirmed M r. Curtis’s conviction and sentence,
United States v. Curtis, 344 F.3d 1057 (10th Cir. 2003), and the United States
Supreme Court denied M r. Curtis’s petition for a writ of certiorari, Curtis v.
United States, 540 U.S. 1157 (2004). On January 12, 2005, M r. Curtis filed a
motion for relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, which the district court denied on
M arch 8, 2007. M r. Curtis did not seek to appeal that decision.
On M arch 23, 2007, M r. Curtis filed a motion under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2)
to modify his sentence. The district court denied this motion on July 9, 2007.
M r. Curtis then filed a request for a certificate of appealability, which the court
construed as a timely notice of appeal.
As this court has previously noted,
18 U.S.C. § 3582(c) provides only three jurisdictional grants under
which a court may “modify a term of imprisonment once it has been
imposed.” A court may modify a sentence: (1) in certain
circumstances “upon motion of the Director of the Bureau of
Prisons”; (2) “to the extent otherwise expressly permitted by statute
or by Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure”; or (3) in
cases where the applicable sentencing range “has subsequently been
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lowered by the Sentencing Commission.” Id. at § 3582(c)(1)(A),
(c)(1)(B), (c)(2).
United States v. Green 405 F.3d 1180, 1184 (10th Cir. 2005) (footnote omitted).
M r. Curtis relies on the third basis for jurisdiction. He claims that he is entitled
to a reduction of his sentence because of the adoption of Amendment 599 to the
Guidelines M anual. Amendment 599 amended Application Note 2 to USSG
§ 2K2.4 to state in part: “If a sentence under [USSG §2K2.4] is imposed in
conjunction with a sentence for an underlying offense, do not apply any specific
offense characteristic for possession, brandishing, use, or discharge of an
explosive or firearm when determining the sentence for the underlying offense.”
USSG app. C (Supp. 2001). One purpose of the amendment is to avoid
duplicative punishment for the use of a firearm. See id.
Amendment 599 went into effect on November 1, 2000. See id. Thus it
was in effect at the time of M r. Curtis’s April 2002 sentencing. Amendment 599
did not subsequently lower his sentencing range, and consequently the district
court had no jurisdiction to consider a modification to his sentence under
18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). M oreover, it appears that M r. Curtis did in fact receive
the benefit of Amendment 599 at his sentencing. The presentence report notes
that it was prepared using the 2001 edition of the Guidelines M anual and
expressly states that according to Application Note 2 of USSG § 2K2.4, the
offense level “[was] not increased by the six-levels that would ordinarily be
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applicable for discharge of a firearm under USSG 2B3.1(b)(2)(B).” R. Supp.
Vol. I at 15.
The judgment of the district court is therefore AFFIRMED.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Harris L Hartz
Circuit Judge
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