Dobson v. Hershberger ( 1997 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS SEP 3 1997
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
SHERMAN WOODROW DOBSON,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v. No. 97-1021
(D.C. No. 96-M-1860)
G. L. HERSHBERGER, Warden and (Colorado)
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before SEYMOUR, Chief Judge, PORFILIO and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The cause is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Mr. Dobson, a pro se prisoner, appeals from the district court order
dismissing his petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. We
affirm.
While Mr. Dobson was awaiting trial in Maryland for unrelated criminal
charges, the District of Columbia filed several detainers with Maryland officials
seeking his transfer to stand trial there. After Mr. Dobson’s conviction in
Maryland, a final detainer was issued to Maryland officials at the Maryland State
Penitentiary. Mr. Dobson’s transfer was effected under the Interstate Agreement
on Detainers Act (IAD), 18 U.S.C. app. § 2.
Article IV(a) of the IAD calls for a thirty-day period between when the
detainer is lodged and when the transfer is made. The Uniform Criminal
Extradition Act (UCEA), Md. Ann. Code art. 41, § 2-210, further requires a
hearing before the transfer can be made. See Cuyler v. Adams, 449 U.S. 433, 448
(1981) (the IAD incorporates the pre-transfer hearing requirement of the UCEA in
those states that have adopted it). Mr. Dobson received no pre-transfer hearing
and he was transferred to the District of Columbia eighteen days after the final
detainer was issued. See Dobson v. United States, 449 A.2d 1082, 1084 (D.C.
1982) (reviewing history of the case).
In the District of Columbia, Mr. Dobson was tried on several counts for
which he moved to sever offenses, which ultimately resulted in three separate
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trials. The first of these trials was held within the 120-day period required by
Article IV(c) of the IAD. However the remaining two were not held until
significantly after this period. See id. After his conviction and appeal, the
District of Columbia Court of Appeals affirmed the Superior Court’s ruling that
the IAD was not violated. See id. at 1086-87.
Mr. Dobson is currently serving his District of Columbia sentence in a
federal facility in Colorado under the custody of the Bureau of Prisons. Mr.
Dobson petitioned the District Court in Colorado for a writ of habeas corpus
challenging the District of Columbia conviction and the applicability of The
Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) of 1995, 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1), to habeas
corpus actions. The petition was referred to a federal magistrate judge who
recommended the matter be transferred to the district court of the District of
Columbia.
Acknowledging the question of jurisdiction, the district court dismissed the
action for lack of merit, finding the IAD violations uncognizable for habeas
corpus relief absent a showing of prejudice resulting from the violations. The
district court found the PLRA applicable to habeas corpus actions and allowed
Mr. Dobson’s application to proceed without prepayment of fees but obligated
him to pay the required filing fees in monthly installments. During the course of
this appeal, we held that the PLRA does not apply to habeas corpus proceedings.
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See United States v. Simmonds, 111 F.3d 737, 743 (10th Cir. 1997). The issue
before us then is whether these IAD violations are worthy of habeas corpus relief.
In Reed v. Farley, 512 U.S. 339 (1994), the Supreme Court held that a
failure to observe the speedy trial requirement of Article IV(c) of the IAD is
uncognizable in a habeas corpus proceeding when the defendant “suffered no
prejudice attributable to the delayed commencement.” Id. at 352. This circuit
follows this approach in habeas corpus actions by requiring a showing of “special
circumstances” that drive the IAD violations to a level of depriving the defendant
of some constitutionally protected right. See Knox v. Wyoming Dep’t of
Corrections State Penitentiary Warden, 34 F.3d 964, 967 (10th Cir. 1994) (“only
‘special circumstances’ permit collateral attack for violations of the IAD”), cert.
denied, 513 U.S. 1091 (1995).
Even assuming the IAD was violated, a question that need not be answered,
there is no showing in the record of any prejudice during Mr. Dobson’s trial or
sentencing due to the IAD violations. Mr. Dobson incorrectly asserts that the
required showing of prejudice as a result of IAD violations under collateral
review is only necessary if the issue was not raised at trial. For any application
for collateral review, a certificate of appealability will only be issued if
“applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.”
See Lennox v. Evans, 87 F.3d 431, 433 (10th Cir. 1996), cert. denied, 117 S. Ct.
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746 (1997). Without a showing of actual prejudice resulting from these
violations, the violations by themselves do not rise to a constitutional deprivation.
See Knox, 34 F.3d at 968.
The certificate of appealability is DENIED and the appeal is DISMISSED.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Stephanie K. Seymour
Chief Judge
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