Benavidez v. Martin ( 1998 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
DEC 10 1998
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
VALENTIN BENAVIDEZ III,
Petitioner-Appellant, No. 98-6277
v. (D.C. No. CIV-97-495-L)
TOM C. MARTIN, Warden; State of (W.D. Okla.)
Oklahoma,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before ANDERSON, McKAY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.
After examining Petitioner-Appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this
panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist
the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R.
34.1.9. The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Petitioner, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s denial of his 28
U.S.C. § 2254 petition for a writ of habeas corpus. Petitioner was convicted after
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
entering blind pleas of guilty to a count of first degree rape, two counts of
forcible oral sodomy, and two counts of indecent or lewd acts with a child under
sixteen. Petitioner was sentenced to thirty years’ imprisonment to be served
consecutively to four twenty-year concurrent sentences. After receiving his
sentence, Petitioner filed an application to withdraw his guilty pleas in the
Oklahoma County District Court. The court denied the motion after a hearing.
Petitioner filed a notice of intent to appeal the court’s denial of his application,
but he never perfected this appeal. Acting pro se, Petitioner then filed an
application for post-conviction relief in the Oklahoma district court in which he
asserted a claim that he did not actually rape his victim and a claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel based on his lawyer’s alleged failure to object to the factual
allegations asserted by the prosecutor at the plea hearing. The court also denied
this motion on the merits. Petitioner appealed this denial, but the Oklahoma
Court of Criminal Appeals dismissed the appeal as time-barred because Petitioner
failed to file his petition in error within the governing time period. See Okla.
Crim. App. R. 5.2(C).
In his section 2254 petition, Petitioner alleged that he was denied his due
process right to a direct appeal because his retained counsel abandoned him after
filing a notice of appeal but before perfecting the appeal. Petitioner also sought
appointment of counsel and necessary records at public expense to perfect an out-
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of-time appeal. Respondent moved to dismiss the petition on the basis of
procedural default. Respondent alleged that Petitioner waived his right to assert
the claims he raised in his application to withdraw his guilty pleas and his
application for post-conviction relief for two reasons: first, he failed to perfect
the appeal of the denial of his application to withdraw his guilty pleas; and
second, he failed to timely appeal the denial of his post-conviction application.
Respondent also argued that Petitioner’s claim that his counsel abandoned him
before perfecting his appeal was barred because he did not raise it in his
application for post-conviction relief even though the facts and law surrounding
the claim were available to him at the time he filed the application. According to
Respondent, because Petitioner’s claim that his counsel abandoned him before
perfecting his appeal was distinct from the ineffective assistance of counsel claim
that he raised in his post-conviction application, the new ineffective assistance of
counsel claim should be procedurally barred.
The magistrate judge recommended denying the habeas petition because
Petitioner’s claims were procedurally barred and because Petitioner failed to show
cause and prejudice or a fundamental miscarriage of justice. After reviewing
Petitioner’s objections, the district court adopted the magistrate judge’s
recommendations and denied the section 2254 petition. The court subsequently
denied Petitioner a certificate of appealability to appeal the denial of habeas
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relief.
On appeal, Petitioner renews his application for a certificate of
appealability and asserts that the district court improperly denied his habeas
corpus petition. Petitioner essentially alleges that the district court erred in
finding that he procedurally defaulted his state court remedies. Petitioner also
claims that even if his claims are procedurally barred, his attorney’s failure to
perfect his appeal amounted to ineffective assistance of counsel and denial of his
right to counsel, which in turn established cause and prejudice sufficient to
overcome the procedural bar. We review the district court’s conclusions of law
de novo, but we presume that the state court’s factual findings are correct unless
the record does not fairly support them. See Hatch v. Oklahoma, 58 F.3d 1447,
1453 (10th Cir. 1995), cert. denied, 517 U.S. 235 (1996). Our review of mixed
questions of law and fact is de novo. See id. Defendant must make “a substantial
showing of the denial of a constitutional right” to obtain a certificate of
appealability. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2).
The magistrate judge and the district court concluded that Petitioner’s
claims are procedurally barred. We agree. First, Petitioner procedurally
defaulted on the claims asserted in Petitioner’s application to withdraw his guilty
pleas by failing to perfect his appeal from the denial of the application. Second,
Petitioner defaulted on the claims he asserted in his post-conviction application
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by failing to timely appeal the trial court’s denial of that application. Finally,
Petitioner is barred from raising the claims he asserted in his habeas petition
because he failed to raise them in his application for post-conviction relief. See
Okla. Stat. tit. 22, § 1086; Jackson v. Champion, 96 F.3d 1453 (10th Cir. 1996)
(Table) (explaining that Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals has consistently
applied section 1086 to bar claims that could have been raised in prior post-
conviction proceedings), cert. denied, __ U.S. __, 117 S. Ct. 1264 (1997); Steele
v. Young, 11 F.3d 1518, 1521 (10th Cir. 1993) (stating that Oklahoma courts have
clearly indicated that section 1086 strictly prohibits raising claims that could have
been raised earlier, even if they involve fundamental rights).
We further agree with the district court that Petitioner has not established
cause and prejudice or a fundamental miscarriage of justice sufficient to
overcome the procedural bar. “On habeas review, we do not address issues that
have been defaulted in state court on an independent and adequate state
procedural ground, unless cause and prejudice or a fundamental miscarriage of
justice is shown.” Steele, 11 F.3d at 1521. Petitioner seems to argue that his
counsel’s failure to perfect his appeal of the denial of his application to withdraw
his guilty pleas amounts to ineffective assistance of counsel and thus constitutes
cause for each of his three procedural defaults. A showing of ineffective
assistance of counsel typically demonstrates cause and prejudice sufficient to
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overcome state procedural default. See Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 754
(1991); Romero v. Tansy, 46 F.3d 1024, 1030 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 515 U.S.
1148 (1995). Moreover, “[t]his court has vigorously scrutinized the adequacy of
state rules involving procedural default which have the effect of barring federal
habeas review of ineffective assistance of counsel claims.” Hickman v. Spears,
__F.3d__, No. 97-6008, 1998 WL 767447, at *2 (10th Cir. Oct. 27, 1998).
In this case, however, even if Petitioner demonstrates that ineffective
assistance was the cause of his failure to perfect his appeal, he still must show
cause for failing to raise his claim that his lawyer abandoned him before
perfecting his appeal in his post-conviction application and for failing to timely
appeal the denial of his post-conviction application. However, Petitioner
proceeded pro se in his post-conviction proceeding. Further, he did not have a
constitutional right to counsel in his post-conviction proceeding. See Coleman,
501 U.S. at 752 (“There is no constitutional right to an attorney in state post-
conviction proceedings.”). Because Petitioner had neither counsel nor a right to
counsel in his post-conviction proceeding, ineffective assistance of counsel
cannot be the cause of his failure to raise the claim that his counsel abandoned
him in his post-conviction application. See Coleman, 501 U.S. at 752 (“[A]
petitioner cannot claim constitutionally ineffective assistance of counsel in [state
post-conviction] proceedings.”). Nor can ineffective assistance be the cause of
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Petitioner’s failure to timely appeal the denial of his post-conviction application.
See id.; Evitts v. Lucey, 469 U.S. 387, 394, 396 (1985) (stating that right to
counsel is limited to first appeal as of right and encompasses right to effective
assistance of counsel). Petitioner also has not shown that the application of a
procedural bar will result in a fundamental miscarriage of justice because he has
not made a claim of actual innocence on appeal. See Murray v. Carrier, 477 U.S.
478, 495-96 (1986).
We decline to issue Petitioner a certificate of appealability because his
claims are procedurally barred and he has not otherwise made a substantial
showing of the denial of a constitutional right.
DISMISSED.
Entered for the Court
Monroe G. McKay
Circuit Judge
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