Crowley v. Graham ( 1999 )

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FEB 16 1999
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
SCOTT M. CROWLEY,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
No. 98-3293
(D.C. No. 98-CV-3228)
JAN GRAHAM; and NEAL
(D. Kan.)
GUNNERSON, Salt Lake County
District Attorney,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before BRORBY, EBEL and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner-Appellant Scott M. Crowley (“Crowley”) was incarcerated in the
Utah State Prison for committing attempted robbery. Before completing his
sentence, Crowley escaped, fled to Kansas, committed a federal crime, and was
sentenced to the federal penitentiary. Utah filed a detainer against Crowley at the
*
After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.
34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This
Order and Judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of
the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be
cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
federal penitentiary in Kansas, to secure Crowley’s return to Utah at the
conclusion of his federal sentence in order to complete his Utah sentence.
Crowley requested a prompt disposition of the charges in the detainer, pursuant to
the Interstate Agreement on Detainers Act (“IADA”). Utah responded by arguing
that no prompt disposition was necessary because it would dismiss the pending
charges of escape and that it had filed the detainer only to ensure that Crowley
served his outstanding Utah prison term.
Crowley filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241,
seeking dismissal of the detainer and an order that his remaining Utah sentence
run concurrently with his federal sentence. The district court granted Crowley
leave to file the petition in forma pauperis, but dismissed the petition. We grant
Crowley leave to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis and affirm.
The petition, on its face, raises a jurisdictional issue which we must
examine sua sponte. See Phelps v. Hamilton, 122 F.3d 1309, 1315-16 (10th Cir.
1997). Crowley is in federal prison, in custody of the warden of USP-
Leavenworth, Kansas, but Crowley names as respondents two state officials of
Utah. The habeas statute requires that a § 2241 petitioner state “the name of the
person who has custody over him.” 28 U.S.C. § 2242; see also Braden v. 30th
Judicial Circuit Ct. of Ky., 410 U.S. 484, 494-95 (1973) (“The writ of habeas
corpus does not act upon the prisoner who seeks relief, but upon the person who
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holds him in what is alleged to be unlawful custody.”). Failure to do so is fatal to
the petition. See Harris v. Champion, 51 F.3d 901, 906 (10th Cir. 1995)
(dismissing habeas claim against Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals and the
individual judges thereof because neither were the prisoner’s custodian). Because
neither Respondent Jan Graham, the Utah State Attorney General, nor Respondent
Neal Gunnerson, Salt Lake District Attorney, were Crowley’s custodians, they are
not proper parties to a habeas action. Crowley has failed to name his warden as a
respondent. Moreover, Crowley has failed to name an official with power to
release him from custody under his federal sentence if the court were to rule in
his favor. Accordingly, Crowley’s § 2241 petition is jurisdictionally defective
and the district court erred by reaching the merits. 1
1
We note, in any event, that IADA does not appear to be of any help to
Crowley in this case. “Article III of the [IADA] gives a prisoner incarcerated in
one State the right to demand the speedy disposition of < any untried indictment,
information or complaint’ that is the basis of a detainer lodged against him by
another State.” Carchman v. Nash, 473 U.S. 716, 718 (1985). In Carchman, the
Supreme Court held that a probation-revocation detainer does not qualify under
the terms of Article III of the IADA because such a detainer is not based on “any
untried indictment, information or complaint.” The Court pointed out that
IADA’s use of “indictment, information or complaint” refers to documents
charging an individual with having committed a criminal offense, and that the
adjective “untried” refers to matters that can be brought to full trial. Id. at 724.
A prisoner subject to a probation-violation charge would not be brought to full
trial for violating probation. Instead, the Supreme Court explained,
the probation-violation charge results in a probation-revocation hearing, a
proceeding to determine whether the conditions of probation should be
(continued...)
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Crowley also asks this court to order the remaining time on his state
sentence to run concurrently with his federal sentence. However, the question of
whether a prisoner should receive credit against his state sentence for time served
for a federal sentence in a federal institution is a question of state law that should
first be raised with the Utah courts. Accordingly, this court has no authority to
modify Crowley’s state sentence retroactively to make it run concurrently with his
federal sentence.
We AFFIRM the dismissal of Crowley’s petition. The mandate shall issue
forthwith.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
David M. Ebel
Circuit Judge
1
(...continued)
modified or the probationer should be resentenced, at which the probationer
is entitled to less than the full panoply of due process rights accorded a
defendant at a criminal trial.
Id. at 725-26.
Given this reasoning, we find it obvious that the IADA does not apply to
the detainer at issue here. Utah filed the detainer to ensure that Crowley finish
serving the state sentence he cut-short by escaping from prison. Crowley would
not be brought to full trial for failing to complete his sentence because,
importantly, Utah dropped the untried criminal charges of escape. Since the
IADA applies only to untried criminal charges, see McDonald v. New Mexico
Parole Bd., 955 F.2d 631, 633 (10th Cir. 1991), the IADA does not apply to the
detainer filed against Crowley. Thus, Crowley’s request that we dismiss the
detainer has no merit.
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