Perry Ivory Wims v. United States ( 2016 )

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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 16-10424
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket Nos. 8:15-cv-01335-RAL-TGW; 8:09-cr-00098-RAL-TGW-1
PERRY IVORY WIMS,
Petitioner-Appellant,
versus
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Respondent-Appellee.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Florida
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(October 11, 2016)
Before WILSON, WILLIAM PRYOR and ROSENBAUM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
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Perry Ivory Wims appeals pro se the denial of his motion for relief, Fed. R.
Civ. P. 60(b), from an order that denied his motion to vacate his sentence as
untimely. We vacate and remand for the district court to consider the merits of
Wims’s challenge to his sentence under Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2551
(2015).
I. BACKGROUND
On June 4, 2015, Wims moved to vacate his sentence of 180 months of
imprisonment for his unlawful transportation of firearms. See 28 U.S.C. § 2255. In
his motion and his supporting brief, Wims argued that his motion was timely “in
[the] wake of the Retroactive Application of Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137,
128 S. Ct. 1581 (2008),” United States v. Archer, 531 F.3d 1347 (11th Cir. 2008),
and “Johnson v. United States, U.S. No. 13-7120, argued 4/20/15.” Wims argued
that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to argue that he was “actually
innocent” of the enhancement of his sentence under the Armed Career Criminal
Act. Wims challenged the enhancement of his sentence on three grounds: (1)
Begay and Archer “establish[ed] that [his] prior conviction for carrying a
concealed firearm ‘no longer qualifies as a predicate offense under the [Act]’”; (2)
the government failed to introduce documents approved in Shepard v. United
States, 544 U.S. 13 (2005), to prove that his prior convictions for being a felon in
possession of a firearm, selling cocaine, and robbery were temporally distinct, see
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18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1); and (3) his “prior convictions used as enhancers . . . were
not violent felonies.”
On June 5, 2015, the district court sua sponte denied Wims’s motion as
untimely. 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f)(1). The district court ruled that Wims’s argument to
treat his motion as timely “fail[ed]” because he had waited more than one year
after “Begay was . . . made retroactive on collateral review by the Eleventh Circuit
[on] January 6, 2014, . . . [in] Mackey v. Warden, FCC Coleman-Medium, 739 F.3d
657 (11th Cir. 2014), and the Eleventh Circuit . . . h[e]ld that Johnson [v. United
States, 559 U.S. 133 (2010),] was to be applied retroactively on collateral review
[on] November 21, 2012,” in “Rozier v. United States, 701 F.3d 681 (11th Cir.
2012).”
Wims moved to alter or amend the judgment. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e).
Wims argued that the district court committed a “manifest error of law or fact” by
evaluating the timeliness of his motion based on the Johnson decision issued in
2010 instead of the decision anticipated in 2015. The district court denied Wims’s
motion summarily and denied his application for a certificate of appealability. We
also denied Wims a certificate of appealability.
On January 7, 2016, Wims moved to reopen the judgment on two grounds.
See Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(1), (b)(6). First, Wims argued that the district court made
a “mistake” by failing to consider his argument that “his section 2255 motion . . .
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would be timely . . . under the then-pending Supreme Court case Samuel James
Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 939 . . . (Jan. 9, 2015),” as he had “pointed out
in his section 2255 motion.” Second, Wims argued that “it would be a miscarriage
of justice to permit . . . [the] time-bar ruling to continue to preclude a merits
determination of the claim in [his] section 2255 motion that he is actually innocent
of his ACCA sentence enhancement in [the] light of the . . . Johnson decision.”
On January 8, 2016, the district court denied Wims’s motion. The district
court ruled that Wims’s motion to vacate was untimely because “Johnson [had]
been held not to be retroactive on collateral review” based on In re Rivero, 797
F.3d 986 (11th Cir. 2015). Later, the district court issued a certificate of
appealability to address “[w]hether Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2551
(2015), announced a new rule of constitutional law that applies retroactively to
cases that are on collateral review.”
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review the denial of a motion for relief for abuse of discretion. Arthur v.
Thomas, 739 F.3d 611, 628 (11th Cir. 2014). Under that standard, we will not
disturb a ruling “unless we find that the district court has made a clear error of
judgment, or has applied the wrong legal standard.” Id. (quoting Ameritas Variable
Life Ins. v. Roach, 411 F.3d 1328, 1330 (11th Cir. 2005)).
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III. DISCUSSION
A district court may relieve a party from a final judgment for “mistake,
inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(1). Relief is
warranted when there is “some defect in the integrity of the federal habeas
proceeding,” Gonzalez v. Crosby, 545 U.S. 524, 532 (2005), attributable to a
mistake by the district court, see Parks v. U.S. Life & Credit Corp., 677 F.2d 838,
839–40 (11th Cir. 1982). In such instances, the need to preserve the finality of the
judgment yields “to the equities of the particular case.” Seven Elves, Inc. v.
Eskenazi, 635 F.2d 396, 401 (5th Cir. 1981).
The district court abused its discretion when it denied Wims’s motion to
reopen his proceeding to challenge his sentence. The district court ruled that Wims
could not avail himself of the new substantive rule of constitutional law announced
in Johnson based on our decision in Rivero, 797 F.3d 986. But Rivero held that
Johnson announced a new substantive rule of constitutional law that did not apply
retroactively to an applicant seeking leave to file a successive motion to vacate. Id.
at 988–91. We stated in Rivero that, “[i]f . . . [a] petitioner . . . w[as] seeking a first
collateral review of his sentence, the new substantive rule from Johnson would
apply retroactively.” Id. at 991. Later, this Court and then the Supreme Court held
that Johnson applies retroactively on collateral review to prisoners seeking habeas
relief for the first time. Mays v. United States, 817 F.3d 728, 737 (11th Cir. 2016);
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Welch v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 1257, 1265 (2016). Johnson applied
retroactively to Wims because his motion to vacate was his first collateral
challenge to his sentence.
“[T]he equities of [this] particular case” warrant reopening Wims’s collateral
proceeding to decide whether he is entitled to relief under Johnson. See Seven
Elves, 635 F.2d at 401. Wims has been diligent in pursuing relief under Johnson.
Wims’s motion to vacate was filed prematurely because the Supreme Court had
not issued its decision in Johnson, yet Wims had to act promptly because he had
only one year to benefit from its holding, see Dodd v. United States, 545 U.S. 353,
357 (2005). And the deadline would prevent Wims from obtaining leave to file a
second motion challenging his sentence under Johnson.
Our conclusion that Wims should be afforded an opportunity to challenge
his sentence based on Johnson should not be construed as expressing a view on the
merits of his motion. Because the district court sua sponte denied Wims’s motion
to vacate, the record is undeveloped. The district court must consider, in the first
instance, what, if any, effect Johnson has on the classification of Wims’s prior
convictions.
IV. CONCLUSION
We VACATE the order denying Wims’s motion for relief, and we
REMAND for further proceedings.
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