United States v. Marcelino Sanchez-Mata ( 2016 )

Case: 16-10496 Date Filed: 10/19/2016 Page: 1 of 5
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 16-10496
Non-Argument Calendar
________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:15-cr-00291-SCJ-AJB-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
MARCELINO SANCHEZ-MATA,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Georgia
________________________
(October 19, 2016)
Before HULL, WILSON and ROSENBAUM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
After pleading guilty to reentry of a deported alien, in violation of 8 U.S.C.
§ 1326(a), (b)(2), Marcelino Sanchez-Mata (“Sanchez”) appeals his 54-month
Case: 16-10496 Date Filed: 10/19/2016 Page: 2 of 5
sentence, imposed below the advisory guidelines range of 57 to 71 months
imprisonment. On appeal, Sanchez argues that his sentence is substantively
unreasonable. After review, we affirm.
I. REASONABLENESS
“We review the reasonableness of a sentence for an abuse of discretion using
a two-step process.” United States v. Cubero, 754 F.3d 888, 892 (11th Cir. 2014)
(quotation marks omitted). We look first at whether the sentencing court
committed any procedural error and then at whether the sentence is substantively
unreasonable in light of the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors and the totality of the
circumstances.1 Id. The party who challenges the sentence bears the burden to
show it is unreasonable. United States v. Alvarado, 808 F.3d 474, 496 (11th Cir.
2015). The weight given to any particular § 3553(a) factor is within the district
court’s discretion, and this Court will not substitute its judgment for that of the
district court. Id. We will reverse a sentence only if we are “left with the definite
and firm conviction that the district court committed a clear error of judgment in
weighing the § 3553(a) factors by arriving at a sentence that lies outside the range
1
The § 3553(a) factors include: (1) the nature and circumstances of the offense and the
history and characteristics of the defendant; (2) the need to reflect the seriousness of the offense,
to promote respect for the law, and to provide just punishment for the offense; (3) the need for
deterrence; (4) the need to protect the public; (5) the need to provide the defendant with needed
educational or vocational training or medical care; (6) the kinds of sentences available; (7) the
Sentencing Guidelines range; (8) pertinent policy statements of the Sentencing Commission; (9)
the need to avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities; and (10) the need to provide restitution to
victims. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).
2
Case: 16-10496 Date Filed: 10/19/2016 Page: 3 of 5
of reasonable sentences dictated by the facts of the case.” United States v. Pugh,
515 F.3d 1179, 1191 (11th Cir. 2008) (quotation marks omitted).
II. SANCHEZ’S CLAIM
Sanchez does not raise any procedural error with respect to his sentencing or
argue that his guidelines range was incorrectly calculated. As to substantive
reasonableness, Sanchez contends the district court should have given him a more
substantial downward variance because his criminal history category of IV,
although correctly calculated, overstated the seriousness of his criminal history and
because he re-entered the United States only to reunite with his children.
Sanchez has not shown that his 54-month sentence is substantively
unreasonable. At sentencing, Sanchez conceded that his criminal history category
IV was properly calculated, but argued it overstated his criminal history. In asking
for a downward variance, Sanchez emphasized: (1) the passage of time between his
2005 Georgia conviction for conspiracy to commit methamphetamine trafficking
and his 2013 California conviction for possession for sale of methamphetamine;
(2) the fact that his 2013 conviction increased both his offense level (pursuant to
U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(i)) and his criminal history category; (3) his difficult
childhood in Mexico; and (4) his reason for illegally reentering, which was to see
his six U.S.-born children from whom he had been estranged. Sanchez asked for a
46-month sentence, the low end of the guidelines ranges that would have resulted
3
Case: 16-10496 Date Filed: 10/19/2016 Page: 4 of 5
if he had a criminal history category of III. Sanchez then addressed the court
personally and asked for a fair sentence so he could return to Mexico and care for
his three youngest children living there.
The government suggested that a downward variance was appropriate to
account for the time that Sanchez served in Immigration and Customs Enforcement
(“ICE”) custody, but opposed any further variance based on Sanchez’s criminal
history. The government pointed out, inter alia, that Sanchez committed new
criminal conduct upon reentering the United States and that Sanchez’s offense
level and criminal history category were properly increased based on his 2013
Georgia drug trafficking conviction.
After hearing the parties’ arguments and calculating the advisory guidelines
range of 57 to 71 months, the district court agreed to vary downward by three
months for Sanchez’s time in ICE custody. However, the district court rejected
Sanchez’s request for a variance based on his criminal history category, as follows:
Taking into consideration the [§]3553(a) factors, I am going to
respectfully . . . disagree with you on changing the criminal history
category. In looking at this, Mr. Sanchez-Mata, you have prior drug
convictions in this case to go along with the fact that you were
previously deported and then returned to America.
The district court stated that “with that in mind,” the appropriate sentence was 54
months.
4
Case: 16-10496 Date Filed: 10/19/2016 Page: 5 of 5
The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Sanchez’s request
for an additional 8-month downward variance based on Sanchez’s criminal history.
In addition to the two drug trafficking convictions in 2005 and 2013 that counted
toward Sanchez’s criminal history score of 8 and criminal history category of IV,
Sanchez also had prior California convictions for possession or purchase of
narcotics for sale in 1991 and public intoxication and vandalism in 1994, which did
not receive any criminal history points. Further, Sanchez committed a second
methamphetamine trafficking offense in the United States after having been
deported and while still under his probationary sentence for his first
methamphetamine trafficking offense. The district court considered Sanchez’s
mitigating personal circumstances, such as his obligations to his family and his
difficult upbringing, but obviously concluded that they were outweighed by his
history of drug convictions, both before and after his deportation, and the § 3553(a)
factors that history implicated.
Sanchez has given us no reason here to substitute our judgment for the
district court’s in weighing the § 3553(a) factors. See United States v. Dougherty,
754 F.3d 1353, 1361 (11th Cir. 2014). Under the circumstances, the district court
was within its discretion to conclude that Sanchez’s criminal history was not
overrepresented and to refuse to vary downward any further.
AFFIRMED.
5