United States v. Willie J. Berry ( 2009 )

[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED
________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
No. 08-14992 FEBRUARY 18, 2009
Non-Argument Calendar THOMAS K. KAHN
CLERK
________________________
D. C. Docket No. 02-00020-CR-3-RV-MD
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
WILLIE J. BERRY,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Florida
_________________________
(February 18, 2009)
Before BLACK, BARKETT and FAY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Willie James Berry, who was convicted of a crack cocaine offense, appeals
pro se the district court’s denial of his 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) motion for
modification of sentence. Berry argues that the district court erred in applying the
policy statements of U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10 in a mandatory fashion, as United States v.
Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), rendered the
Sentencing Guidelines advisory only. Berry argues that the district court,
therefore, had authority to reduce his sentence even though he was held responsible
for too great a quantity of crack cocaine and was sentenced pursuant to a statutory
mandatory minimum. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
I.
Berry pled guilty to conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute crack
cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). He was held accountable for 16
kilograms of crack cocaine. Initially, he was sentenced to life imprisonment, the
statutory mandatory minimum term of imprisonment for his offense, pursuant to 21
U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A). Later, however, the district court reduced his sentence to
240 months’ imprisonment, pursuant to the government’s Fed.R.Crim.P. 35(b)
substantial assistance motion. On March 19, 2008, Berry filed a motion for
modification of sentence, pursuant to § 3582(c)(2), citing Amendment 706 to the
Guidelines. The district court denied the motion on the grounds that Amendment
2
706 did not affect Berry’s guideline imprisonment range.
II.
We review de novo “the district court’s legal conclusions regarding the
scope of its authority under the [Guidelines].” United States v. Moore, 541 F.3d
1323, 1326 (11th Cir. 2008), cert. denied, McFadden v. United States, (U.S. Jan.
12, 2009) (No. 08-7610). Pursuant to § 3582(c)(2), when an already-incarcerated
defendant’s sentence was determined using a guideline imprisonment range that
retroactive amendments to the Guidelines have reduced, the district court may
reduce the sentence, after considering the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)
and if such a reduction would be consistent with the policy statements issued by
the Sentencing Commission. 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). Pursuant to § 1B1.10, a
reduction is not consistent with its policy statements, if the retroactive amendment
in question does not have the effect of lowering defendant’s applicable guideline
imprisonment range. U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10(a)(2)(B). In a recent case, United States
v. Jones, 548 F.3d 1366, 1369 (11th Cir. 2008), we held that Amendment 706 did
not have the effect of lowering the applicable guideline imprisonment range of a
defendant who was held responsible for more than 4.5 kilograms of crack cocaine.
We explained:
Under Amendment 706 , the guidelines now provide a base offense
level of 36 for defendants who are responsible for at least 1.5
3
kilograms but less than 4.5 kilograms of crack cocaine. However, a
base offense level of 38 still applies to defendants responsible for 4.5
kilograms or more. Accordingly, the distinction between 12 and 50
kilograms of crack cocaine that did not matter in 1994 still does not
matter in 2008, and the base offense level for that quantity range has
not decreased.
Id. (internal citations omitted).
III.
The district court did not err in determining that Berry was not eligible for a
reduction. See Moore, 541 F.3d at 1326. Berry was not sentenced using a
guideline imprisonment range that retroactive amendments to the Guidelines have
reduced. See 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). Amendment 706 did not alter Berry’s base
offense level because he was held responsible for 16 kilograms of crack cocaine.
See Jones, 548 F.3d at 1369. Berry’s arguments concerning the mandatory
application of § 1B1.10 do not affect this conclusion. Berry suggests that the
district court had the discretion not to follow § 1B1.10’s instruction that a
reduction is inconsistent with the Commission’s policies, and, therefore, should not
be made, if Amendment 706 does not actually lower the applicable guideline
imprisonment range. However, the controlling statute, § 3582(c)(2), which Berry
does not argue is advisory, itself instructs that the reduction is limited to “a
defendant who has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment based on a
sentencing range that has subsequently been lowered by the Sentencing
4
Commission.” 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). Given that Amendment 706 did not lower
his base offense level, Berry was not sentenced to a range that was subsequently
lowered, as required by the controlling statute. Likewise, Berry’s arguments
concerning the application of the statutory mandatory minimum do not alter the
conclusion that he was not eligible for a reduction, as the existence of a statutory
mandatory minimum merely was an alternative reason to deny Berry’s
§ 3582(c)(2) motion.1 Accordingly, we affirm.
AFFIRMED.
1
To the extent that Berry suggests that Booker gave the district court authority to re-open
his sentencing proceedings, his argument is without merit. See Moreno v. United States, 421
F.3d 1217 (11th Cir. 2007) (holding that, when the defendant was denied a § 3582(c)(2)
reduction pursuant to an Amendment, Booker could not serve as the sole basis to re-open
proceedings pursuant to § 3582(c)); United States v. Jones, 548 F.3d 1366 (11th Cir. 2008)
(holding that the district court correctly concluded that it lacked authority to reduce the
defendant’s sentence because Amendment 706 did not lower the defendant’s base offense level
and because Booker was not a retroactively applicable amendment to the Guidelines).
5