USCA11 Case: 21-10078 Date Filed: 05/27/2022 Page: 1 of 6
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
In the
United States Court of Appeals
For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 21-10078
Non-Argument Calendar
____________________
DEREK LEROY MCSMITH,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
UNITE HERE LOCAL 23,
Defendant-Appellee.
____________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Georgia
D.C. Docket No. 1:18-cv-04233-SCJ
____________________
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2 Opinion of the Court 21-10078
Before WILSON, GRANT, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Derek McSmith appeals from the district court’s grant of
summary judgment to Unite Here Local 23 in his case alleging that
Unite Here Local 23 breached its duty of fair representation, in vi-
olation of § 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1987,
29 U.S.C. § 185. McSmith argues that the district court did not
make a finding of fact regarding the settlement agreement that he
reached with his former employer, HMSHost International, bro-
kered by Unite Here Local 23, and that, despite reaching a settle-
ment agreement, the agreement was not executed, nor was he pro-
vided a copy of the terms and conditions or the monetary amount
in writing.
We review a district court’s grant of summary judgment de
novo, viewing all the evidence and drawing all reasonable factual
inferences in favor of the nonmoving party. Boyle v. City of Pell
City,
866 F.3d 1280, 1288 (11th Cir. 2017).
Appellants are required to identify any issues specifically and
clearly that they want us to address in their initial briefs. Access
Now, Inc. v. Sw. Airlines Co.,
385 F.3d 1324, 1330 (11th Cir. 2004).
Any legal arguments that were not briefed before us are deemed
abandoned and we will not consider their merits. Id.; see also
Greenbriar, Ltd. v. City of Alabaster,
881 F.2d 1570, 1573 n.6 (11th
Cir. 1989) (holding that a party waives an issue by failing to include
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21-10078 Opinion of the Court 3
substantive argument as to an issue and only making a passing ref-
erence to the order appealed from). While pro se briefs should be
liberally construed, issues not briefed on appeal by a pro se litigant
are deemed abandoned. Timson v. Sampson,
518 F.3d 870, 874
(11th Cir. 2008).
Summary judgment is appropriate if the movant demon-
strates that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id.; Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).
The party moving for summary judgment has the initial burden of
informing the district court of the basis for its motion and identify-
ing those portions of the pleadings, depositions, answers to inter-
rogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if
any, which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue
of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett,
477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986).
The motion should be granted so long as whatever is before the
district court demonstrates that the standard for the entry of sum-
mary judgment, as outlined in Rule 56(a), is satisfied.
Id.
Once the moving party has properly supported its motion
for summary judgment, the burden shifts to the nonmoving party
to come forward with specific facts showing that there is a genuine
issue for trial. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp.,
475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986). Where the record taken as a whole could
not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the nonmoving party,
there is no genuine issue of material fact.
Id. If a party fails to
properly support an assertion of fact or fails to properly address an-
other party’s assertion of fact as required by Rule 56(a), the court
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4 Opinion of the Court 21-10078
may consider the facts undisputed for purposes of the motion. Fed.
R. Civ. P. 56(e)(2). Similarly, if a party fails to properly support an
assertion of fact or fails to properly address another party’s assertion
of fact as required by Rule 56(a), the court may grant summary judg-
ment if the motion and supporting materials, including the undis-
puted facts, show that the movant is entitled to it. Fed. R. Civ. P.
56(e)(3).
A labor union has a statutory duty of fair representation to
serve the interests of all members without hostility or discrimina-
tion toward any, to exercise its discretion with complete good faith
and honesty, and to avoid arbitrary conduct. Vaca v. Sipes,
386
U.S. 171, 177 (1967). A union breaches its duty only if its actions
toward members are arbitrary, discriminatory, or in bad faith.
Id.
at 190. A union’s actions are arbitrary only if, in light of the factual
and legal landscape at the time of the union’s actions, the union’s
behavior is so far outside a wide range of reasonableness as to be
irrational. Air Line Pilots Ass’n, Int’l v. O’Neill,
499 U.S. 65, 67
(1991). A union has broad discretion in prosecuting grievance com-
plaints, which includes not only the right to settle the dispute short
of arbitration but also to refuse to initiate the first steps in the ap-
peal procedure when it believes the grievance to be without merit.
See Turner v. Air Transport Dispatchers’ Ass’n,
468 F.2d 297, 300
(5th Cir. 1972).
We have held that a union is allowed considerable latitude
in its representation of employees because the grievance and arbi-
tration process is not conducted in a judicial forum and union
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21-10078 Opinion of the Court 5
representatives are not held to strict standards of trial advocacy.
Harris v. Schwerman Trucking Co.,
668 F.2d 1204, 1206 (11th Cir.
1982). Neither negligence on the part of the union, nor a mistake
in judgment, is sufficient to support a claim that the union acted in
an arbitrary and perfunctory manner.
Id. The claimant must
demonstrate that the union acted with reckless disregard for the
employee’s rights or was grossly deficient in its conduct to establish
a claim for breach of the duty of fair representation.
Id. at 1207.
McSmith did not fully brief the issue of the district court’s
grant of summary judgment to Unite Here Local 23, and thus, he
has abandoned any challenge to summary judgment on appeal.
Nevertheless, the district court did not err when it granted sum-
mary judgment to Unite Here Local 23 because the undisputed
facts reflect that Unite Here Local 23 did not breach its duty of fair
representation to McSmith. McSmith testified at his deposition
that Local 23 did not discriminate against him, and he does not al-
lege, nor does the record reflect, that Local 23 acted arbitrarily
when it declined to pursue his termination grievance.
Although McSmith alleged that Local 23 acted in bad faith,
the record does not reflect that contention. The undisputed facts
reflect that Local 23’s decision as to whether to pursue grievances
to arbitration was a discretionary one, and under binding law in
this Circuit, a union has the discretion to settle short of arbitration
a grievance that it believes has no merit. See Turner,
468 F.2d at
300. Given the fact that McSmith was caught sleeping while
clocked in for work, which constituted conduct for which Local 23
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6 Opinion of the Court 21-10078
knew HMSHost routinely terminated employees, Local 23 was not
negligent, let alone reckless or grossly deficient, or that its behavior
was so far outside a wide range of reasonableness that it was irra-
tional when it determined that McSmith’s termination grievance
lacked merit and, therefore, decided not to pursue it. See Air Line
Pilots Ass’n, Int’l,
499 U.S. at 67; Harris,
668 F.2d at 1206-07. More-
over, the facts asserted in Local 23’s statement of undisputed ma-
terial facts indicate that HMSHost did not need to provide a re-
sponse after the Step 2 meeting because the grievance was consid-
ered closed. The facts also show that the back pay issue was re-
solved, which McSmith, notably, admitted in his complaint.
For the foregoing reasons, the decision of the district court
is affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
