United States v. Cornelius Bryant ( 2009 )

[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
________________________ ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
Dec. 03, 2009
No. 09-11557 THOMAS K. KAHN
Non-Argument Calendar CLERK
________________________
D. C. Docket No. 08-00317-CR-T-26-MAP
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
CORNELIUS BRYANT,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Florida
_________________________
(December 3, 2009)
Before CARNES, PRYOR and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PRYOR, Circuit Judge:
Cornelius Bryant appeals his conviction and sentence of 240 months of
imprisonment for bank robbery by force and violence. 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a).
Bryant argues that the government failed timely to disclose evidence, his out-of-
court identification was inadmissible, and he should not have been sentenced as a
career offender. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
A black male wearing black jeans and a black shirt with a picture of a skull
entered the MidFlorida Federal Credit Union in Lakeland, Florida. The man
approached teller Ashlee Boyer and demanded she relinquish the money in her
cash drawer. Boyer complied and watched the man stuff $1650 into a purple and
gold bag marked “Crown Royal,” while another teller, Pamela Delello, observed
the man linger at Boyer’s window. After the man left the credit union, Boyer told
Delello that she had been robbed, and Delello activated her silent alarm.
Officers of the Lakeland Police Department arrived at the scene and a K-9
unit tracked the robber to a nearby apartment. An officer knocked on the door and,
several minutes later, Bryant walked out of the apartment. Because Bryant
matched the description of the robber, Sergeant Steven Pacheco ordered officers to
detain Bryant until Sergeant Jeff Birdwell arrived with Delello. Delello identified
Bryant as the robber, and officers obtained a warrant to search Bryant’s apartment.
During the search, officers discovered a black duffel bag containing documents
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bearing Bryant’s name, black jeans and a black shirt with a skull, and a purple and
gold bag marked “Crown Royal.”
Later that day, officers asked Boyer to look at Bryant, but Boyer was unable
to identify him as the robber. Boyer told authorities that the robber “had short
dreadlocks, . . . a tattoo on his neck, and what appeared to be on his right arm.” A
few weeks later, customer Lakesha Best, who had been waiting in line behind
Bryant, identified Bryant as the robber from a photographic lineup.
Bryant was indicted for robbing a bank by force and violence. 18 U.S.C. §
2113(a). Bryant moved to suppress the identification by Delello as unduly
suggestive. The government responded that Delello’s identification was reliable
because she was an eyewitness to the crime, she identified Bryant shortly after the
robbery, and she was confident of her identification.
After the parties struck a jury, the district court held a hearing on Bryant’s
motion to suppress. The government presented testimony from Sergeants Pacheco
and Birdwell, and counsel for the defense read a stipulation of facts about Delello’s
statement to the police. Delello stated that Sergeant Birdwell drove to a driveway
where he “told [Delello] that they had someone that they wanted [her] to identify.”
Delello said that she viewed Bryant from the front and in profile, asked that he face
front again for Delello “to visualize” the robber mentally, and then she was able to
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identify Bryant as the robber. The district court denied Bryant’s motion without
prejudice, ruling that “a one-on-one show-up is not, per se, unduly suggestive” and
“there[] [was] nothing in the record to suggest that [Delello’s] identification was
not otherwise reliable.”
At trial, the government presented testimony from Boyer, Delello, Best, and
Sergeant Pacheco and photographs of Bryant downloaded from surveillance
cameras inside and outside the credit union. During her testimony, Boyer testified
that the robber “had a tattoo on his neck.” Bryant cross-examined Boyer about her
previous statement to the police in which she described the robber as having tattoos
on his arm and shoulder, and Boyer acknowledged that she had not told the police
about the third tattoo. When questioned further, Boyer said that she had told a
prosecutor about the tattoo on the robber’s neck.
Bryant requested a sidebar conference and argued that the government had
violated Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S. Ct. 1194 (1963), by failing to
disclose Boyer’s statement about the tattoo on the robber’s neck. The prosecutor
responded that she was not aware, until cross-examination, that Boyer had made an
inconsistent statement. Defense counsel argued that he would not have mentioned
the inconsistency if he had known about the previous statement and he moved for a
mistrial. The district court denied the motion and ruled that Boyer had never
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identified Bryant as the robber and he could argue that Boyer’s testimony was
inconsistent and unreliable.
After the government rested its case, Bryant renewed his motion for a
mistrial. The district court ruled that Bryant had not been “substantially
prejudiced” when Boyer “recall[ed]” the tattoo on the robber’s neck and any error
was harmless because other witnesses had identified Bryant as the robber. The
jury found Bryant guilty of the bank robbery.
The presentence investigation report identified Bryant as a career offender.
United States Sentencing Guideline § 4B1.1 (Nov. 2008). The report stated that
Bryant had four prior convictions for bank robbery and a conviction in a Florida
court for fleeing or attempting to elude a police officer. With a criminal history
category of VI, the report listed a sentencing range between 210 and 240 months of
imprisonment. The report stated that Bryant faced a maximum statutory sentence
of 240 months.
Bryant objected to the career offender enhancement and argued that his
conviction for fleeing a police officer did not constitute a crime of violence. The
district court reviewed a copy of the judgment, which stated that Bryant was
convicted of “willfully flee[ing] or attempt[ing] to elude a law enforcement officer
. . . and during the course of the fleeing or attempted eluding [drove] at high speed,
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or in any manner which demonstrate[d] a wanton disregard for the safety of
persons or property.” Fla. Stat. § 316.1935(3). The court ruled that Bryant’s
argument was foreclosed by our decision in United States v. Orisnord, 483 F.3d
1169, 1182–83 (11th Cir. 2007). The district court sentenced Bryant to 240
months of imprisonment.
II. STANDARDS OF REVIEW
We review the denial of a Brady objection for abuse of discretion. United
States v. Vallejo, 297 F.3d 1154, 1163 (11th Cir. 2002). The decision to admit an
out-of-court identification “is subject to plenary review as a mixed question of fact
and law,” and we review for clear error the finding that Bryant’s identification was
not impermissibly suggestive. Cikora v. Dugger, 840 F.2d 893, 895, 896 (11th Cir.
1988). We review de novo whether Bryant’s prior conviction qualifies as a crime
of violence under the Sentencing Guidelines. United States v. Harris, No. 08-
15909, slip op. at 4 (11th Cir. Nov. 3, 2009).
III. DISCUSSION
Bryant challenges his conviction and sentence on three grounds. First,
Bryant argues that the government violated Brady when it failed to disclose teller
Boyer’s prior inculpatory statement that the robber had a tattoo on his neck.
Second, Bryant argues that Delello’s out-of-court identification was unduly
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suggestive and unreliable. Third, Bryant argues that his prior conviction for
fleeing a police officer is not a crime of violence. These arguments fail.
The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Bryant’s motion for
a mistrial. Bryant failed to prove there was a reasonable probability that the
outcome of his trial would have been different if the government had disclosed
Boyer’s inculpatory statement before trial. Boyer never identified Bryant as the
bank robber, but other evidence established his guilt. Delello and Best identified
Bryant as the robber, and the government introduced photographs of Bryant taken
from surveillance recordings of the robbery.
Nor did the district court clearly err by admitting Delello’s out-of-court
identification. The record supports the finding of the district court that Delello’s
identification was reliable. Delello observed Bryant during the robbery and she
was confident of that identification.
The district court also did not err by enhancing Bryant’s sentence. Bryant’s
argument that his prior conviction for fleeing or eluding a police officer “at high
speed, or in any manner which demonstrates a wanton disregard for the safety of
persons or property,” Fla. Stat. § 316.1935(3), did not constitute a crime of
violence for the career offender guideline enhancement is foreclosed by our recent
decision in United States v. Harris, No. 08-15909 (11th Cir. Nov. 3, 2009). We
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held in Harris that a violation of section 316.1935(3) involves the type of
“purposeful, violent, and aggressive conduct” that Begay v. United States, 128 S.
Ct. 1581, 1586 (2008), requires to constitute a crime of violence.
IV. CONCLUSION
Bryant’s conviction and sentence are AFFIRMED.
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