United States v. Daniels , 148 F.3d 1260 ( 1998 )

United States Court of Appeals,
Eleventh Circuit.
No. 97-9251
Non-Argument Calendar.
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Billy Dean DANIELS, Defendant-Appellant.
Aug. 4, 1998.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia. (No. 4:96-CR-20-
JRE), J. Robert Elliott, Judge.
Before GODBOLD, HILL and FAY, Senior Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Pursuant to a guilty plea, Billy Dean Daniels was convicted on one count of embezzling from
an employee-benefit plan, 18 U.S.C. § 664, and four counts of making false statements on loan
applications, 18 U.S.C. § 1014. He appeals his concurrent 24-month sentences.
Daniels raises two arguments on appeal: (1) no evidence supported the district court's
imposition of a two-level enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2F1.1(b)(2)(A) for more than minimal
planning; and (2) the district court should have reduced the amount of loss by the amount
reimbursed by his insurance carrier.
We review for clear error the district court's determination that an offense involved more
than minimal planning. See United States v. Mullins, 996 F.2d 1170, 1171 (1993). The same
standard of review applies to the district court's amount-of-loss determination. See United States
v. Norris, 50 F.3d 959, 960 (11th Cir.1995).
We have reviewed the plea agreement, the presentence investigation report, the sentencing
transcript, and other relevant portions of the record. Having considered those, together with the
briefs of the parties, we find no reversible error.
The undisputed facts here showed that Daniels operated "Benefits of Columbus, Inc." (BCI),
a company that administered self-funded health benefit plans for employers. From July 1988 to
April or May 1993, Brooks Auto Parts, Inc., (Brooks) paid BCI monthly installments to cover
employee claims and administrative costs. Daniels was to have placed any excess monies in a trust
account for Brooks, but he never did so. Checks issued on behalf of the Brooks health plan began
to bounce in the spring of 1993. Ultimately, Daniels converted for his own use $295,359.90 that was
to have been used for the Brooks health plan. This conduct formed the basis of Daniels'
embezzlement conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 664.
Daniels also fraudulently acquired two bank loans. He received $15,084 to purchase a horse
trailer, pledging the trailer as collateral. In breach of the loan agreement, Daniels sold the horse
trailer, used a portion of the proceeds to pay an insurance company, and pocketed the remainder.
Thereafter, Daniels wrote a letter to the bank denying that he had sold the trailer. Daniels' second
fraudulent loan, in the amount of $89,098, was supposed to be used to purchase a computer, with
the computer as collateral. He actually used these loan proceeds to pay toward a pre-existing debt
with a computer company and to pay insurance premiums. Daniels submitted to the bank a forged
letter, purportedly from the computer company, indicating that he had ordered a computer, when in
fact, he had not. These acts resulted in Daniels' convictions for making false statements on loan
applications.
Given this factual foundation, Daniels warranted the more-than-minimal-planning
enhancement. His embezzlement of funds from the Brooks health plan occurred over a period of
nearly five years, and constituted "repeated acts over a period of time" that were not merely
opportune. U.S.S.G. § 1B1.1, comment. (n.1(f)); cf. Mullins, 996 F.2d at 1171 (upholding
enhancement for defendant who, in 30 days, purchased three vehicles with worthless checks and
resold the cars as new). Further, Daniels' submission of falsified and forged letters to the bank, were
"significant affirmative steps ... taken to conceal the offense." U.S.S.G. § 1B1.1, comment. (n.1(f));
cf. United States v. Cannon, 41 F.3d 1462, 1467 (11th Cir.) (defendant altered forms and contracts
to conceal his use of non-conforming titanium in government-contracted aircraft), cert. denied, 516
U.S. 823, 116 S. Ct. 86, 133 L. Ed. 2d 44 (1995). Finally, that Daniels committed two acts of bank
fraud may have justified the enhancement in and of itself. See United States v. Bush, 126 F.3d 1298,
1300 (11th Cir.1997) ("we are hardpressed to imagine a scenario in which "obtaining even one
fraudulent loan would not require more than minimal planning' ") (quoting United States v. Fox, 889
F.2d 357, 361 (1st Cir.1989)), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 118 S. Ct. 1109, 140 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1998).
Accordingly, the district court did not clearly err by adopting the PSI's assessment of a two-level
enhancement for "more than minimal planning."
Daniels argues on appeal, as he did below, that the loss should be reduced by $81,250, the
amount his errors-and-omissions insurance policy reimbursed Brooks Auto Parts, Inc. This partial
reimbursement to Brooks Auto Parts does not change the amount Daniels embezzled, it only
substitutes Daniels' insurance company as another victim. The district court ordered Daniels to
reimburse his insurance company for the amount it paid Brooks Auto Parts. Daniels does not appeal
this determination.
We conclude that the stipulated facts in the plea agreement and the undisputed facts in the
presentence investigation report provided a sufficient basis for the district court's imposition of a
two-level enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2F1.1(b)(2)(A) for more than minimal planning. We
further conclude that Daniels has shown no clear error in the district court's determination of amount
of loss. The fact that some of the embezzled funds were protected by an insurance policy does not
necessarily reduce the calculation of the amount of loss for sentencing purposes.
AFFIRMED.