[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED
________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
No. 10-13228 MARCH 21, 2011
JOHN LEY
Non-Argument Calendar CLERK
________________________
D.C. Docket No. 6:09-cv-01289-MSS-DAB
JAMES G. WERNER,
lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,
lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant-Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Florida
________________________
(March 21, 2011)
Before BARKETT, MARCUS and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
James G. Werner appeals the district court’s order affirming the
Commissioner’s denial of his application for Social Security Disability Insurance
Benefits (“DIB”),
42 U.S.C. § 405(g), and Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”)
benefits,
42 U.S.C. § 1383(c).1 After a hearing, the Administrative Law Judge
(“ALJ”) found Werner had some severe impairments but that these impairments
did not rise to the level of a qualifying listed disability. The ALJ further
determined that Werner was capable of performing the “full range of light work,”
and so could perform jobs that existed in the national economy. Thus, Werner was
found ineligible for DBI and SSI. Despite Werner’s submission of new evidence,
the Social Security Appeals Council denied his request for review.
On appeal, Werner first argues that the ALJ and the Appeals Council failed
to apply the correct legal standards in assessing the impact of his medication side
effects on his ability to work. Specifically, he asserts that the ALJ made an
impermissible “negative inference” by noting the lack of evidence showing that he
had previously complained of such side effects to his physicians. Further, he
contends that, in denying Werner’s request for review, the Appeals Council erred
by failing to clearly identify what weight it accorded to the pharmacy sheets and
1
We review the Commissioner’s DIB and SSI decisions to determine if they are
supported by substantial evidence. Crawford v. Commissioner of Social Security,
363 F.3d 1155,
1158 (11th Cir. 2004);
42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a
reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Bloodsworth v. Heckler,
703 F.2d 1233, 1239 (11th Cir. 1983). We do not “decide the facts anew, reweigh the evidence,
or substitute our judgment for that of the [Commissioner].”
Id.
2
excerpts from the Physician’s Desk Reference that he submitted as additional
evidence.
Second, Werner argues that both the ALJ and the Appeals Council erred in
finding that his allegations of disabling pain in his arms, legs, and neck were “not
entirely credible,” because the evidence showed that his underlying medical
conditions could be reasonably expected to produce such pain. Third, he contends
that the ALJ also erred by relying exclusively on the Medical Vocational
Guidelines (the “grids”), rather than the testimony of a vocational expert, to
determine that he was capable of performing other jobs in the national economy.
Fourth and finally, he asserts that the Appeals Council failed to give appropriate
weight to the fact that the Florida Division of Vocational Rehabilitation (“Florida
DVR”) classified him as “significantly disabled.”
An individual claiming Social Security disability benefits must prove that he
is disabled. Jones v. Apfel,
190 F.3d 1224, 1228 (11th Cir. 1999). “The Social
Security regulations provide a five-step sequential evaluation process for
determining if a claimant has proven that [he] is disabled.”
Id. at 1228. A
claimant must show that:
(1) he is not performing substantial gainful activity;
(2) he has a severe impairment;
3
(3) the impairment or combination of impairments meets or equals
an impairment listed in the regulations;
(4) he cannot return to past work;
(5) he cannot perform other work based on his age, education, and
experience.
Phillips v. Barnhart,
357 F.3d 1232, 1237 (11th Cir. 2004);
20 C.F.R.
§§ 404.1520(a)(4), 416.920(a)(4). For purposes of step five, the regulations
classify jobs into various categories based on the amount of physical exertion that
they require. See
20 C.F.R. §§ 1567, 416.967. One of these categories, “light
work,” is defined as
involv[ing] lifting no more than 20 pounds at a time with frequent
lifting or carrying of objects weighing up to 10 pounds. Even though
the weight lifted may be very little, a job is in this category when it
requires a good deal of walking or standing, or when it involves
sitting most of the time with some pushing and pulling of arm or leg
controls.
20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1567(b), 416.967(b). If someone can perform light work, they
also are considered capable of performing sedentary work which entails lifting no
more than ten pounds at a time, and occasionally lifting or carrying articles like
docket files, ledgers, and small tools. Id.;
20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1567(a), 416.967(a).
I. Medication Side Effects
Werner first claims that both the ALJ and the Appeals Council failed to
adequately consider his testimony about symptoms resulting from medication side
4
effects. The ALJ considered Werner’s testimony and found it simply inconsistent
with the objective medical evidence. In determining whether a claimant’s
symptoms limit his capacity to work, the ALJ will consider “the extent to which
[such] symptoms can reasonably be accepted as consistent with the objective
medical evidence and other evidence.”
20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(a), 416.929(a).
Further, a claimant’s failure to report side effects to his physicians is an
appropriate factor for the ALJ to consider in evaluating whether a claimant’s
alleged symptoms are consistent with the record. See Swindle v. Sullivan,
914
F.2d 222, 226 (11th Cir. 1990). Substantial evidence supported the ALJ’s
conclusion that Werner was capable of performing light work, because he lived
alone and performed basic household activities, and had undergone only a
moderate course of treatment for his ailments. Accordingly, the record shows no
reversible error in the ALJ’s consideration of testimony about alleged side effects
from the medication.
Nor did Werner’s submission to the Appeals Council of new evidence of the
side effects generally associated with his medications present a reason to doubt the
5
ALJ’s conclusion.2 Mere lists of potential side effects do not establish that a
claimant in fact experienced such side effects.
II. Subjective Pain Testimony
Werner also claimed that the pain from his medical conditions was so
debilitating that he could not perform the full range of light work, and he now
claims on appeal that ALJ improperly discredited his testimony about his pain. “If
proof of disability is based upon subjective evidence and a credibility
determination is, therefore, critical to the decision, the ALJ must either explicitly
discredit such testimony or the implication must be so clear as to amount to a
specific credibility finding.” Foote v. Chater,
67 F.3d 1553, 1562 (11th Cir. 1995)
(citation and quotation marks omitted). Here, substantial evidence cited by the
ALJ supports the adverse credibility determination. Werner’s descriptions of his
pain were inconsistent with reports from his treating and examining physicians,
which showed that he had a full range of motion in his arms and legs and was
capable of doing light work. His description of his pain was also inconsistent with
his own testimony concerning his daily activities. The question is not, as Werner
2
The Appeals Council considers the entire record, including the new evidence, and “will
then review the case if it finds that the [ALJ’s] action, findings, or conclusion is contrary to the
weight of the evidence currently of record.”
20 C.F.R. § 404.970(b). Thus, “a reviewing
court must consider whether that new evidence renders the denial of benefits erroneous.” Ingram
v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin.,
496 F.3d 1253, 1262 (11th Cir. 2007).
6
suggests3, whether ALJ could have reasonably credited his testimony, but whether
the ALJ was clearly wrong to discredit it. The record reveals no reversible error in
the ALJ’s finding. Finally, the new evidence submitted to the Appeals Council
was cumulative of other record evidence and so did not require further review.
III. Reliance on the “Grids” Instead of Vocational Expert
Having found that Werner was unable to perform his past work in
construction, the ALJ relied on the Medical-Vocational Guidelines, or “grids,” to
determine that Werner could perform other work. In a disability determination,
once a claimant proves that he can no longer perform his past relevant work, “the
burden shifts to the Commissioner to show the existence of other jobs in the
national economy which, given the claimant’s impairments, the claimant can
perform.” Jones,
190 F.3d at 1229. One way for the Commissioner to carry this
burden is through an application of the “grids.” See 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, subpt. P,
app. 2. The grids provide an algorithm to determine a claimant’s ability to engage
in employment other than their past work based on factors such as a person’s age,
3
Werner argues that because the ALJ found his conditions could reasonably be expected
to cause the pain he described, the ALJ could not discredit the testimony. But Werner incorrectly
assumes that meeting the threshold “pain standard” for considering subjective testimony on pain
is the end of the inquiry. See Foote,
67 F.3d at 1560 (Commissioner “must consider a claimant’s
subjective testimony of pain” if claimant meets the “pain standard”).
7
education, previous employment, and maximum physical capabilities. Gibson v.
Heckler,
762 F.2d 1516, 1520 (11th Cir. 1985).
In determining whether exclusive reliance on the grids is appropriate, the
ALJ must first categorize the claimant’s impairments as either exertional or
nonexertional. See, e.g., Phillips,
357 F.3d at 1241-43. Exertional impairments
affect an individual’s ability to meet the seven strength demands of the job: sitting,
standing, walking, lifting, carrying, pushing, and pulling.
Id. at 1241 n.11.
Nonexertional impairments affect an individual’s ability to meet other work-
related demands, and include limitations such as pain, medication side effects, and
depression. Id.; MacGregor v. Bowen,
786 F.2d 1050, 1054 (11th Cir. 1986). An
ALJ may rely exclusively on the grids when each factor used in the determination
describes the claimant’s situation, and when the case involves only exertional
impairments. Foote,
67 F.3d at 1559. In contrast, if the claimant has a
nonexertional impairment that limits a wide range of work at a given level, the
ALJ is required to consult a vocational expert.
Id.
Here, substantial evidence in the medical record supported the
determination that Werner’s non-exertional impairments—depressive disorder and
pain disorder—did not cause more than a minimal limitation to his ability to work.
The ALJ also cited substantial evidence that Werner’s exertional impairments did
8
not limit a wide range of light or sedentary work. Thus, there is no reversible error
in the ALJ’s use of the grids in place of a vocational expert.
IV. Deference to Another Agency’s Disability Determination
Finally, Werner claims that the Appeals Council improperly disregarded a
disability determination from the Florida DVR in denying review. Findings of
disability by other agencies are generally entitled to “great weight.” Bloodsworth,
703 F.2d at 1241. However, regulations provide that the Commissioner must
ultimately make its disability determination based on social security law, not the
rules of other agencies.
20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1504, 416.904. Accordingly, the
findings of other agencies are not binding on the Commissioner. Id.; see also
Bloodsworth,
703 F.2d at 1241.
Here, the Appeals Council explicitly stated that it considered the letter from
the Florida DVR and found that it did not provide a basis for disturbing the ALJ’s
decision. Further, the letter did not controvert the substantial evidence on which
the ALJ relied because it showed only that Werner was entitled to second priority
in receiving vocational rehabilitation services due to the fact that the agency
classified him as “significantly disabled.” Werner failed to submit any evidence of
what the term, “significantly disabled,” meant when used by the Florida DVR.
Nor did he present any evidence that the term was inconsistent with the ALJ’s
9
finding that Werner had impairments that prevented him from performing his past
work, but which did not prevent him from performing light or sedentary
work—the relevant criteria for the ALJ’s decision. But cf. Falcon v. Heckler,
732
F.2d 827 (11th Cir. 1984) (holding that similarity between Florida workers
compensation disability law and Social Security disability law require that the ALJ
give great weight to the Florida determination). Nor does Werner cite any
authority on appeal to indicate the significance of the Florida DVR’s
determination. Without further evidence showing that the Florida DVR uses
criteria similar to the relevant regulations for DIB and SSI determinations, the
letter was insufficient to call the ALJ’s decision into question.
Accordingly, we affirm on all claims.
AFFIRMED.
10
