United States v. Figueroa , 199 F.3d 1281 ( 2000 )

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee-Cross-Appellant,
v.
Saturnino FIGUEROA, Defendant-Appellant,
Elizabeth Roman, Defendant-Appellant-Cross-Appellee.
No. 98-4838.
United States Court of Appeals,
Eleventh Circuit.
Jan. 7, 2000.
Appeals from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. (No. 97-773-CR-DMM),
Donald M. Middlebrooks, Judge.
Before COX and DUBINA, Circuit Judges, and KRAVITCH, Senior Circuit Judge.
PER CURIAM:
Saturnino Figueroa and Elizabeth Roman challenge various district court rulings related to their
convictions and sentences on federal charges arising from the discovery of heroin in their luggage at the
Miami airport. The Government cross-appeals the district court's application of the "safety valve" provision
of U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2 to reduce Roman's sentence. We affirm without opinion the decisions of the district
court on the issues raised in the defendants' appeal. See 11th Cir. R. 36-1. Addressing the cross-appeal, we
conclude that the district court erred in applying the safety valve to determine Roman's sentence, and we
vacate and remand with instructions for the district court to resentence Roman accordingly.
DISCUSSION
Federal agents found heroin in the appellants' luggage during an airport inspection on their return to
the United States from Aruba. Following a jury trial, Roman was convicted on a drug-importation count.
The district court sentenced her to seventy-eight months in prison followed by three years of supervised
release. In determining the sentence, the court concluded that the "safety valve" set forth in U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2
applied.
The safety valve provision, which implements 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f), requires a district court to
sentence a defendant in certain drug-possession cases "without regard to any statutory minimum sentence"
if the defendant meets five criteria. U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2. Roman argues, and the district court concluded, that
her statements during sentencing satisfied all five criteria. Reviewing de novo the district court's
understanding of the scope of its authority under the guideline, see United States v. Hernandez, 145 F.3d
1433, 1440 (11th Cir.1998), we hold instead that Roman did not satisfy the fifth criterion because, on the facts
found by the district court, she did not meet its requirement: complete and truthful disclosure of her
knowledge of the crime, see U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2(5). We further conclude that the fifth criterion does not permit
the safety valve to be applied merely because information a defendant chooses to withhold or misrepresent
would not, even if fully and accurately disclosed, be of use to the government.
The relevant paragraph begins by mandating use of the safety valve if "not later than the time of the
sentencing hearing, the defendant has truthfully provided to the Government all information and evidence
the defendant has concerning the offense or offenses that were part of the same course of conduct or of a
common scheme or plan." U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2(5) (emphasis added). This plain language requires a defendant
to both truthfully and fully disclose information within her knowledge relating to the crime for which she is
being sentenced. At several junctures during the sentencing hearing, the district court made statements clearly
indicating that it found Roman's disclosures incomplete and untruthful. At one juncture, the court stated that
it found "aspects of it not credible." (R.13 at 80.) The court also noted that it did not think Roman's statement
"full" with regard to "what she and Mr. Figueroa were doing ... and how much she knew about it." (R.13 at
82.) Perhaps most damagingly, the court said that it was "not prepared to ... accept everything in [Roman's]
statement." (R.13 at 83.) Nevertheless, it found the safety valve applicable.
In doing so, the court took pains to point out that it did not believe Roman to have more information
regarding "who was in charge of th[e] importation ... where the drugs came from ... [or] who was up the line
in th[e] operation." (R.13 at 82). It apparently considered absence of knowledge on those "very critical
points the government [wa]s interested in" enough to apply the safety valve. Id. Subsection (5), however,
does not permit a sentencing court to make so much of the possible utility of any information possessed by
the defendant. Following the independent clause mandating complete and truthful disclosure, the guideline
goes on to state: "but the fact that the defendant has no relevant or useful other information to provide or that
the Government is already aware of the information shall not preclude a determination by the court that the
defendant has complied with this requirement." U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2(5) (emphasis added). We read this text
as merely dispelling an interpretation that would require fully and truthfully disclosed information to be
helpful to the government before the safety valve could properly be applied. It does not empower the
sentencing court to apply the safety valve simply because it concludes that withheld or misrepresented
information would not aid further investigation or prosecution even if properly disclosed.
We therefore vacate Roman's sentence and remand with instructions that the district court resentence
Roman in a manner consistent with both this opinion and its own factual findings that she had not completely
and truthfully disclosed all she knew about the underlying crimes.
AFFIRMED in PART; VACATED and REMANDED in PART.