Case: 19-14757 Date Filed: 06/30/2020 Page: 1 of 3
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 19-14757
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 6:17-cv-00436-CEM-DCI
MICHAEL J. WRIGHT,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
MARIO CARDENAS,
IAN DOWNING,
FELIX ECHEVARRIA,
BRANDON LAYNE,
MICHAEL B. STRICKLAND, et al.,
Defendants-Appellees.
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Appeals from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Florida
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(June 30, 2020)
Before JORDAN, GRANT, and LUCK, Circuit Judges.
Case: 19-14757 Date Filed: 06/30/2020 Page: 2 of 3
PER CURIAM:
Michael Wright, proceeding pro se, sued the City of Kissimmee and several
of its police officers under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. He alleged a number of constitutional
violations related to his arrest in 2014.
As relevant here, the district court granted summary judgment in favor of the
City on Mr. Wright’s Fourth Amendment excessive force claim. This is Mr.
Wright’s appeal as to that claim. For the following reasons, we affirm.1
First, the district court did not err in permitting the City to amend its pre-trial
statement, which contained a scrivener’s error. In the pre-trial statement, the City
said that it “denie[d] that its law enforcement used reasonable force during . . . the
arrest,” but the word “reasonable” should have been “unreasonable.” A district court
may allow a party to amend a pre-trial order, see Sherman v. United States,
462 F.2d
577, 579 (5th Cir. 1977), or a pre-trial statement, see Cruz v. U.S. Lines Co.,
386
F.2d 803, 804 (2d Cir. 1967), and here there was no abuse of discretion. The City
notified the district court of the error just five days after the filing of the pre-trial
statement, and each of the City’s other filings denied wrongdoing. Mr. Wright was
therefore not unfairly prejudiced by the amendment. Cf. Perez v. Miami-Dade Cty.,
297 F.3d 1255, 1264–67 (11th Cir. 2002) (holding, in a § 1983 case, that the district
1
We assume the parties’ familiarity with the record and set out only what is necessary to explain
our decision. As to any issues not specifically discussed, we summarily affirm.
2
Case: 19-14757 Date Filed: 06/30/2020 Page: 3 of 3
court should have permitted a municipality to withdraw its admission on the issue of
custom/policy).
Second, we reject Mr. Wright’s argument that the district court erred by
relying on the reports of the police officers with respect to the force used and the
reason force was necessary. The reason is that Mr. Wright expressly sued the
officers only in their official capacities. See D.E. 157 at 2 (“this complaint is brought
against all defendants in their official capacity”) (emphasis in original). An official-
capacity suit against a police officer or government official is a suit against the
officer’s employer—the government entity—so here the Fourth Amendment
excessive force claims against the officers were municipal liability claims against
the City. See Kentucky v. Graham,
473 U.S. 159, 166 (1985).
To hold the City liable for any excessive force used by its officers, Mr. Wright
had to show that a custom, policy, or practice of the City caused the violations. See,
e.g., Hoefling v. City of Miami,
811 F.3d 1271, 1279 (11th Cir. 2016). As the district
court correctly explained, Mr. Wright did not present any evidence of a City custom,
policy, or practice that caused the alleged excessive force. See D.E. 255 at 6–7. So
there is no basis for municipal liability even if any of the officers used excessive
force.2
AFFIRMED.
2
Stated differently, the district court’s consideration of the reports is at most harmless error.
3
