United States v. Hansa L. Christopher , 250 F. App'x 970 ( 2007 )

[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED
________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
No. 06-16085 OCTOBER 15, 2007
Non-Argument Calendar THOMAS K. KAHN
________________________ CLERK
D. C. Docket No. 06-20435-CR-JEM
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
HANSA L. CHRISTOPHER,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
_________________________
(October 15, 2007)
Before ANDERSON, BARKETT and MARCUS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Hansa L. Christopher appeals the district court’s acceptance of her plea of
guilty to aggravated theft, a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1028A. Christopher contends
that her plea was not knowing and voluntary, under Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of
Criminal Procedure, because the district court failed to ensure that she adequately
understood the nature of the charge against her. She also challenges the sufficiency
of the evidence supporting the government’s factual proffer in support of the plea.
After careful review, we affirm.
Generally, the district court’s “factual finding that the requirements of [Rule]
11 were satisfied when it accepted the defendants’ pleas is subject to the clearly
erroneous standard of review.” United States v. Lopez, 907 F.2d 1096, 1099 (11th
Cir. 1990). Christopher, however, did not raise her Rule 11 argument in the district
court, either by objecting or by moving to withdraw her guilty plea. Cf. United States
v. Moriarty, 429 F.3d 1012, 1018 n.2 (11th Cir. 2005) (per curiam) (observing that to
preserve a Rule 11 error a defendant should file a motion to withdraw the guilty plea
in district court). Constitutional objections and alleged violations of Rule 11 that were
not raised before the district court are reviewed for plain error only. See id. at
1018-19. To establish plain error, a defendant must show (1) error, (2) that is plain,
(3) that affects substantial rights, and (4) that seriously affects the fairness, integrity,
or public reputation of judicial proceedings. See United States v. Rodriguez, 398 F.3d
1291, 1298 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 545 U.S. 1127 (2005).
In evaluating whether a defendant has shown that her substantial rights were
affected or prejudiced, this Court has examined the three “core objectives” of Rule 11:
“(1) ensuring that the guilty plea is free of coercion; (2) ensuring that the defendant
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understands the nature of the charges against him; and (3) ensuring that the defendant
is aware of the direct consequences of the guilty plea.” United States v. Monroe, 353
F.3d 1346, 1354 (internal citations omitted). Moreover, we have upheld “plea
colloquies that fail to address an item expressly required by Rule 11 so long as the
overall plea colloquy adequately addresses these three core concerns.” Id.Here, the district court did not plainly err by accepting Christopher’s plea as
voluntary, knowing, and intelligent because Christopher’s plea colloquy met the three
core objectives of Rule 11: (1) Christopher acknowledged that no one had promised
her anything to plead guilty, nor had anyone threatened or forced her to plead guilty;
(2) the district court reviewed and explained the nature of the charge to her; and (3)
the court ensured that Christopher was aware of the direct consequences of her guilty
plea by explaining that her plea waived his rights to a jury trial, to remain silent, and
to cross-examine witnesses.
We are unpersuaded by Christopher’s suggestion that she did not understand
the nature of the charge against her. The government’s delineation of the offense
elements clearly set out that the use or possession of the identification of another must
be without lawful authority. The government stated the elements of the charged
offense, as follows:
First, that the defendant knowingly possessed or used a means of
identification of another person without lawful authority; and, second,
that the defendant did so during and in relation to using a passport that
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was secured by means of a false statement, in violation of Title 18,
United States Code, Section 1542.
Chrisopher never indicated -- either by objecting, raising a question about the
elements, or moving to withdraw her plea -- she did not understand the factual
foundation for the plea. Nor was there anything terribly confusing to understand
about this charge. Cf. United States v. DePace, 120 F.3d 233, 237 (11th Cir. 1997)
(holding district court’s inquiry into defendant’s understanding of charge against her
varies, depending on the “‘relative difficulty of comprehension of the charges and of
the defendant’s sophistication and intelligence’” (citation omitted)). Indeed, on the
“spectrum of complexity,” the instant charge was a simple one, which involved
neither “esoteric terms” nor “concepts unfamiliar to the law mind.” Id. (quoting
United States v. Dayton, 604 F.2d 931, 937-38 (5th Cir. 1979) (en banc)). In short,
Christopher was properly apprised in open court of the nature of the charge, and
indicated that she understood the nature of the charge, before she pled guilty.
Moreover, to the extent Christopher challenges the sufficiency of the evidence
to support the government’s factual proffer, she waived the ability to bring that non-
jurisdictional claim by virtue of her knowing and voluntary guilty plea. See United
States v. Viscome, 144 F.3d 1365, 1370 (11th Cir. 1998) (challenge to sufficiency of
the government’s evidence on element of crime, to which defendant pled, waived by
defendant’s guilty plea); United States v. Fairchild, 803 F.2d 1121, 1124 (11th Cir.
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1986) (“A guilty plea, since it admits all the elements of a formal criminal charge,
waives all nonjurisdictional defects in the proceedings against a defendant.” (internal
quotation marks and citation omitted)).1
AFFIRMED.
1
In any event, Christopher’s suggestion that she thought she had lawful authority to use
another person’s birth certificate for the purpose of getting a U.S. passport, simply because the other
person gave her consent to use the birth certificate for a fraudulent purpose, is without merit.
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