[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________ FILED
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-10573 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
Non-Argument Calendar SEPTEMBER 3, 2010
________________________ JOHN LEY
CLERK
D.C. Docket Nos. 2:02-cr-00052-RWS, 2:04-cv-00097-RWS
IRVIN LAMAR SIMPSON,
Petitioner-Appellant,
versus
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Respondent-Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Georgia
________________________
(September 3, 2010)
Before BLACK, HULL and PRYOR, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Irvin Lamar Simpson, a federal prisoner, appeals the district court’s denial
of his
28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion to vacate his sentence. After review, we affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
A. Drug Seizure and Conviction
On May 10, 2001, law enforcement officers conducted video surveillance
on Cooley Drive, a dead-end street, and observed Simpson engage in what
appeared to be hand-to-hand drug transactions. Simpson held and opened up a
plastic bag during the transactions. While under video surveillance, Simpson
placed the plastic bag inside a towel and hid it under the foundation of a residence
at 925 Cooley Drive. One of the officers retrieved the plastic bag from under the
house. Inside was 12.8 grams of cocaine base.
After a jury trial, Simpson was convicted of an unrelated drug charge
(Count 1) and possessing at least five grams of cocaine base on May 10, 2001
(Count 2). The district court imposed a 240-month sentence on Count 1 and a
360-month sentence on Count 2, with the two sentences to be served concurrently.
Simpson’s convictions and sentences were affirmed on appeal. See United States
v. Simpson, 82 F. App’x 218 (11th Cir. 2003).1
B. Section 2255 Evidentiary Hearing
1
At sentencing, Defendant Simpson had six prior convictions that resulted in 13 criminal
history points and qualified him as a career offender. With a criminal history category of VI,
Simpson’s guidelines range was 360 months to life.
2
In May 2004, Simpson pro se filed this § 2255 motion to vacate his total
360-month sentence, arguing, among other things, that his trial counsel’s failure to
file a motion to suppress the drugs found at 925 Cooley Drive constituted
ineffective assistance.
The district court referred the case to a magistrate judge. At an evidentiary
hearing, Defendant Simpson, his aunt, Ophelia Parks, and his uncle, Isaac
Simpson, testified that Isaac Simpson owned the house at 925 Cooley Drive.2
Isaac Simpson inherited the house from his mother (Defendant Simpson’s
grandmother). They also testified that, at the time of the drug seizure, Defendant
Simpson was living in the house with his cousin, Peyton. Defendant Simpson
began renting the house in November 2000 and paid his uncle $300 a month in
rent.
Defendant Simpson testified that he told his trial attorney, William
Morrison, that he lived at 925 Cooley Drive and asked Morrison to file a motion to
suppress. Simpson denied ever telling Morrison that he lived with his father on
Floyd Road. Simpson acknowledged that the utilities at 925 Cooley Drive were in
Peyton’s name.
2
Parks lived at 933 Cooley Drive in the house next door to 925 Cooley Drive. Isaac
Simpson owned the 933 Cooley Drive house, too.
3
Attorney Morrison testified that he met with Defendant Simpson several
times at the jail while preparing Simpson’s case. Morrison explained that, based
on his practice, he would have: (1) considered whether he could bring a motion to
suppress, (2) elicited facts from Morrison from which to make a determination of
whether there was standing to bring a motion to suppress, and (3) been concerned
about who owned or occupied the house. Morrison had notes of his interviews
with Simpson.
According to Morrison, Simpson never told him that he lived at 925 Cooley
Drive during those meetings. Morrison believed that he would have asked
Simpson “something that would have elicited that information had he lived at that
particular location.” Furthermore, based on his notes for the initial interview,
Morrison believed that he discussed Simpson’s “nexus” to the house and learned
that Simpson’s grandmother and uncle owned it.
Before interviewing Simpson, Morrison reviewed police reports, none of
which listed Simpson’s address as 925 Cooley Drive. Morrison explained that,
had he seen the 925 Cooley Drive address in the reports, he would have asked
Simpson about it. Morrison tried to discuss with Simpson what he was doing
around the house at the time of the surveillance videotape, but Simpson was “very
cautious” and “hesitant to discuss the facts of the case.”
4
Two months later, Morrison met again with Simpson and gathered basic
biographical information. Based on his notes, Morrison testified that Simpson
said “that he was 32 years old, that he had two children, [and] that he lived at 2467
Floyd Road,” which was a trailer one block away from the Cooley Drive location
of the drug transactions. Simpson told Morrison he lived in the trailer with his
father and that the house at 925 Cooley Drive belonged to his grandmother.
Morrison explained that he did not “approach this matter from one of standing,”
because in his professional opinion “this was as clear an exigent circumstances,
plain view case as I had ever seen.” Morrison could not recall whether he asked
Simpson if he lived at 925 Cooley Drive.
Agent Jeremy Grindle with the Hall County Sheriff’s Office testified that on
May 10, 2001, he and another agent conducted video surveillance of the Cooley
Drive neighborhood. Agent Grindle described the neighborhood as residential
with lots of people walking and driving by. Agent Grindle directed the other agent
to seize the drugs under the house at 925 Cooley Drive without a warrant because
he did not want to compromise an ongoing investigation and because there were
lots of children in the area that he did not want to get access to the drugs. Agent
Grindle never saw Simpson enter the house at 925 Cooley Drive, and Simpson did
not seem aware that he was under surveillance.
5
C. Report & Recommendation
The magistrate judge issued a report (“R&R”) recommending that
Simpson’s § 2255 motion be granted. The R&R determined that the warrantless
seizure of the drugs was not justified by the plain view doctrine or exigent
circumstances. The magistrate judge did not explicitly reconcile the conflict
between Morrison’s and Simpson’s testimony about where Simpson told Morrison
he was living. Rather, the magistrate judge appeared to assume that even if
Simpson told Morrison he was living at 2467 Floyd Road, Morrision was
ineffective because: (1) Morrison never interviewed Defendant Simpson’s aunt or
uncle; (2) Morrison never determined the living arrangements at 925 Cooley
Drive; (3) Simpson “may have been reluctant to admit that he was residing at 925
Cooley Drive on May 10, 2001 because he believed that such an admission would
more definitely connect him to the 12.8 grams of cocaine base seized there,” but “a
reasonably competent defense counsel would have explained to [Simpson], . . .
that he could move to suppress evidence of the 12.8 grams of cocaine base if he
had a legitimate expectation of privacy in that residence, i.e., if he was residing at
925 Cooley Drive or was a guest of the owner or then current occupant on May 10,
2001”; and (4) it appeared Morrison did not provide such an explanation and
“made no real effort to determine” Simpson’s standing to file a motion to suppress
6
because he “simply did not believe that such a motion had any chance of success,
regardless of whether [Simpson] had standing to file it or not.” (Emphasis added).
The R&R concluded that Morrison’s failure to investigate Simpson’s standing was
unreasonable and prejudiced Simpson because there was a reasonable probability
that a motion to suppress would have been successful.
D. District Court’s Order
The government objected to the R&R, arguing, inter alia, that it was
reasonable for Morrison to stop investigating Simpson’s living arrangements once
he learned that his client lived with his father in a trailer at 2467 Floyd Road.
The district court denied Simpson’s § 2255 motion. The district court
adopted the R&R’s statement of the applicable Fourth Amendment law, but
rejected its application of the facts to the law. The district court concluded that,
because Simpson told Morrison he lived at 2467 Floyd Road, Morrison was not
ineffective for relying on that statement and not investigating further his
connection to 925 Cooley Drive and possible standing, as follows:
While the Court agrees that counsel has a duty to fully investigate his
client’s case and all legitimate defenses, the Court does not find counsel
to be ineffective for not [sic] accepting, without further investigation,
his client’s representations concerning such basic facts as his place of
residence. Nor does the Court find that counsel is ineffective if he does
not frame his questions to his client with the legal consequences of his
client’s possible responses. [Simpson] told Mr. Morrison that he lived
7
at 2467 Floyd Road. The Court is unwilling to conclude that in spite of
that representation by his client, Mr. Morrison would be ineffective if he
did not advise [Simpson] that if he lived at 925 Cooley Drive, the
evidence against him could possibly be suppressed and then make
further inquiry about his residence.
(Citations omitted.) The district court acknowledged that Morrison did not focus
on standing because of his mistaken belief that the seizure was permissible under
the plain view doctrine and due to exigent circumstances. However, Morrison did
not ignore the seizure issue and “reasonably assumed standing was lacking” based
on Simpson’s statements (that he lived at 2467 Floyd Road) and the corroborative
police reports.
The district court granted Simpson a certificate of appealability on the
following issue: “Did Simpson’s trial counsel provide him with constitutionally
ineffective assistance by failing to investigate and file a motion to suppress the
cocaine base seized at 925 Cooley Drive on May 10, 2001, and used as evidence
against Simpson at his trial?”
II. DISCUSSION
A. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance, a defendant must
demonstrate two things: (1) “that counsel’s performance was deficient,” and (2)
“that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense.” Strickland v.
8
Washington,
466 U.S. 668, 687,
104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984). However, courts
need not “address both components of the inquiry if the defendant makes an
insufficient showing on one.”
Id. at 697,
104 S. Ct. at 2069.3
As to the first prong, the defendant has the burden of persuasion “to prove,
by a preponderance of competent evidence, that counsel’s performance was
unreasonable,” by establishing “that particular and identified acts or omissions of
counsel were outside the wide range of professionally competent assistance.”
Chandler v. United States,
218 F.3d 1305, 1313-14 (11th Cir. 2000) (en banc).
“The reasonableness of a counsel’s performance is an objective inquiry,” such that
“a petitioner must establish that no competent counsel would have taken the action
that his counsel did take.”
Id. at 1315. “In reviewing counsel’s performance, a
court must avoid using the distorting effects of hindsight and must evaluate the
reasonableness of counsel’s performance from counsel’s perspective at the time.”
Id. at 1316 (quotation marks omitted).
B. Counsel’s Duty to Investigate
3
We review claims of ineffective assistance of counsel de novo. Chandler v. United
States,
218 F.3d 1305, 1312 (11th Cir. 2000) (en banc). In so doing, we will not reverse a district
court’s credibility finding “unless it is contrary to the laws of nature, or is so inconsistent or
improbable on its face that no reasonable factfinder could accept it.” United States v. Pineiro,
389 F.3d 1359, 1366 (11th Cir. 2004).
9
“[C]ounsel has a duty to make reasonable investigations or to make a
reasonable decision that makes particular investigations unnecessary.” Strickland,
466 U.S. at 691,
104 S. Ct. at 2066. “[A] particular decision not to investigate
must be directly assessed for reasonableness in all the circumstances, applying a
heavy measure of deference to counsel’s judgments.”
Id. “The reasonableness of
counsel’s actions may be determined or substantially influenced by the
defendant’s own statements or actions.”
Id. “[W]hen a defendant has given
counsel reason to believe that pursuing certain investigations would be fruitless or
even harmful, counsel’s failure to pursue those investigations may not later be
challenged as unreasonable.” Id.; see, e.g., Stewart v. Sec’y, Dep’t of Corr.,
476
F.3d 1193, 1210-11 (11th Cir. 2007) (concluding that counsel was not ineffective
for failing to investigate client’s childhood abuse when client never told him about
it and had “indicated just the opposite of poor treatment” (quotation marks and
brackets omitted)).
C. Simpson’s Claim
Here, competent counsel could have reasonably concluded that Simpson
lacked standing to challenge the warrantless seizure of the drugs. According to
the district court’s findings, which Simpson does not challenge on appeal,
Simpson never told Morrison he lived at 925 Cooley Drive. In fact, Simpson told
10
Morrison he lived in a trailer with his father at 2467 Floyd Road. Morrison
reviewed the police reports, none of which listed 925 Cooley Drive as Simpson’s
address. When Morrison discussed with Simpson his connection to the house, he
learned that it was owned by Simpson’s uncle, not Simpson. In short, none of the
information available to Morrison at the time, including Simpson’s own
statements, indicated that further investigating Simpson’s place of residence
would have been fruitful. Under these circumstances, Morrison’s failure to further
investigate and to file a motion to suppress the drugs seized at 925 Cooley Drive
on May 10, 2001 was not deficient performance.
Because Simpson failed to meet his burden to show his trial counsel’s
performance fell outside the wide range of professionally competent assistance,
the district court did not err in denying his § 2255 motion.4
AFFIRMED.
4
Because we conclude that the district court did not err as to trial counsel’s performance,
we do not address whether counsel’s performance prejudiced Simpson. See Strickland,
466 U.S.
at 697,
104 S. Ct. at 2069.
11
