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12‐4169‐cv William Gilman v. Eliot Spitzer and The Slate Group, LLC UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT SUMMARY ORDER Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order filed on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 and this court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a document filed with this court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by counsel. 1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held 2 at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New 3 York, on the 18th day of September, two thousand thirteen. 4 5 PRESENT: 6 7 JOHN M. WALKER, 8 DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, 9 DENNY CHIN, 10 11 Circuit Judges. 12 _______________________________________________ 13 14 WILLIAM GILMAN, 15 16 Plaintiff‐Counter‐Defendant‐Appellant, 17 18 ‐v.‐ No. 12‐4169‐cv 19 20 ELIOT SPITZER AND THE SLATE GROUP, LLC, 21 Defendants‐Counter‐Claimants‐Appellees. 22 _______________________________________________ 1 1 DAVID I. GREENBERGER, Liddle & Robinson, L.L.P. 2 (Jeffrey L. Liddle, James W. Halter, on the brief), New 3 York, New York, for Plaintiff‐Counter‐Defendant‐ 4 Appellant. 5 LEE LEVINE, Levine Sullivan Koch & Schulz, LLP (Jay 6 Ward Brown, Katharine Larsen, Matthew E. Kelley, on 7 the brief), Washington, D.C., for Defendants‐Counter‐ 8 Claimants‐Appellees. 9 Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District 10 of New York (J. Paul Oetken, J.). 11 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND 12 DECREED that the judgment entered on September 28, 2012, is AFFIRMED. 13 Appellant William Gilman appeals from a judgment on the pleadings in favor of 14 Appellees Eliot Spitzer (“Spitzer”) and the Slate Group, LLC (“Slate”), dismissing 15 Appellant’s defamation claim, which concerned a column authored by Spitzer and 16 published by Slate on August 22, 2010. 17 We review de novo a judgment on the pleadings and “accept the allegations 18 contained in the complaint as true, and draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the non‐ 19 movant.” Sheppard v. Beerman,
18 F.3d 147, 150 (2d Cir. 1994). We assume the parties’ 20 familiarity with the facts and the record of prior proceedings, which we reference only as 21 necessary to explain our decision to affirm largely for the reasons stated by the district 22 court in its detailed and well‐reasoned opinion. See Gilman v. Spitzer,
902 F. Supp. 2d 38923 (S.D.N.Y. 2012). 2 1 The relevant column, titled “They Still Don’t Get It,” responded to a Wall Street 2 Journal editorial that called into question Spitzer’s record prosecuting the insurance 3 industry. Though the column does not mention Gilman by name, it alludes to his 4 conviction on antitrust charges, which was later vacated, as part of Spitzer’s investigation 5 into the company Marsh & McLennan (“Marsh”). In the column, Spitzer wrote that: 6 The Journal’s editorial also seeks to disparage the cases my office brought 7 against Marsh & McLennan for a range of financial and business crimes. The 8 editorial notes that two of the cases against employees of the company were 9 dismissed after the defendants had been convicted. The judge found that 10 certain evidence that should have been turned over to the defense was not. 11 (The cases were tried after my tenure as attorney general.) Unfortunately for 12 the credibility of the Journal, the editorial fails to note the many employees 13 of Marsh who have been convicted and sentenced to jail terms, or that 14 Marsh’s behavior was a blatant abuse of law and market power: price‐fixing, 15 bid‐rigging, and kickbacks all designed to harm their customers and the 16 market while Marsh and its employees pocketed the increased fees and 17 kickbacks. Marsh as a company paid an $850 million fine to resolve the 18 claims and brought in new leadership. 19 Gilman alleges that, given the reference to his vacated conviction and in the context of the 20 column as a whole, Spitzer defamed him when he mentioned “the many employees of 21 Marsh who have been convicted and sentenced to jail terms,” and stated that “Marsh’s 22 behavior was a blatant abuse of law and market power: price‐fixing, bidrigging, and 23 kickbacks all designed to harm their customers and the market while Marsh and its 24 employees pocketed the increased fees and kickbacks.” The district court found that no 25 reasonable reader could understand these statements to be “of and concerning” Gilman. 26 We agree. 3 1 To state a claim for defamation, a plaintiff must establish “that the [challenged] 2 matter is published of and concerning the plaintiff.” Kirch v. Liberty Media Corp.,
449 F.3d 3388, 398 (2d Cir. 2006) (internal quotation mark omitted). That is, the plaintiff must show 4 that “the allegedly defamatory comment refer[s] to the plaintiff,” Brady v. Ottaway 5 Newspapers, Inc.,
445 N.Y.S.2d 786, 788 (2d App. Div. 1981), such that those knowing the 6 plaintiff “understand that [he] was the person meant,” Geisler v. Petrocelli,
616 F.2d 636, 639 7 (2d Cir. 1980). “[W]here the person defamed is not named in a defamatory publication, it 8 is necessary, if it is to be held actionable as to him, that the language used be such that 9 persons reading it will, in the light of the surrounding circumstances, be able to understand 10 that it refers to the person complaining.” Algarin v. Town of Wallkill,
421 F.3d 137, 139 (2d 11 Cir. 2005) (quoting DeBlasio v. N. Shore Univ. Hosp.,
624 N.Y.S.2d 263, 264 (2d App. Div. 12 1995)). 13 A reasonable reader could not conclude that the challenged statements were “of and 14 concerning” Gilman. First, Spitzer’s acknowledgment that Gilman’s conviction was 15 vacated plainly exempts Gilman from the group of Marsh employees, referenced in the 16 first challenged statement, “who have been convicted and sentenced to jail terms.” No 17 reasonable reader would understand Spitzer to, in one instance, state that the Journal 18 “note[d]” the dismissal of Gilman’s case and, in the next breath, accuse the Journal of 19 “fail[ing] to note” Gilman’s case. Moreover, in the second challenged statement, Spitzer 20 refers to “Marsh” as a company. Such a broad reference to an organization cannot give rise 4 1 to a defamation claim by one of its constituent members. See Abramson v. Pataki,
278 F.3d 293, 102 (2d Cir. 2002). Similarly, Spitzer’s generalized reference to “Marsh and its 3 employees” cannot reasonably be read to directly or impliedly refer to Gilman. 4 Gilman argues that knowledgeable readers would immediately tie these statements 5 to him, given the allegations leveled against him during Spitzer’s investigation of Marsh. 6 However, the opposite conclusion is true: readers aware that Gilman’s conviction had been 7 vacated would be less likely to believe that he was one of the employees Spitzer referenced. 8 Given the numerous linguistic and logical flaws with Gilman’s claim, we determine that 9 the challenged statements cannot reasonably be understood to be “of and concerning” him. 10 We have considered Gilman’s remaining arguments and conclude that they are 11 without merit. The judgment of the district court is therefore AFFIRMED. 12 FOR THE COURT: 13 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk 5
Document Info
Docket Number: 12-4169-cv
Filed Date: 9/18/2013
Precedential Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 4/17/2021