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12‐549 Morales‐Durate v. Sessions UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007 IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL. 1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second 2 Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley 3 Square, in the City of New York, on the 15th day of March, two thousand 4 seventeen. 5 6 PRESENT: ROBERT D. SACK, 7 RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR., 8 Circuit Judges, 9 GREGORY H. WOODS, 10 District Judge.* 11 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12 13 JAVIER MORALES‐DURATE, 14 15 Petitioner, 16 17 v. No. 12‐549‐ag 18 19 JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS, III, UNITED STATES 20 ATTORNEY GENERAL, 21 22 Respondent. 23 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ * Judge Gregory H. Woods, of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation. 1 1 FOR PETITIONER: PAUL B. GROTAS (Gary J. Yerman, on the 2 brief), New York, N.Y. 3 4 FOR RESPONDENT: CHRISTOPHER BUCHANAN, Trial 5 Attorney, Office of Immigration 6 Litigation, Civil Division, (Stuart F. 7 Delery, Acting Assistant Attorney 8 General, Civil Division, Melissa 9 Neiman‐Kelting, Senior Litigation 10 Counsel, Office of Immigration 11 Litigation, on the brief), United States 12 Department of Justice, Washington, 13 D.C. 14 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a Board of 15 Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, 16 AND DECREED that the petition for review is DISMISSED. 17 Javier Morales‐Durate (“Morales”) is a native and citizen of Guatemala. He 18 asks us to review a January 19, 2012 BIA decision affirming the decision of an 19 Immigration Judge (“IJ”) to deny adjustment of status as a matter of discretion and to 20 order Morales removed. In re Javier Morales‐Durate, No. A029 283 931 (B.I.A. Jan. 21 19, 2012), aff’g No. A029 283 931 (Immigr. Ct. N.Y.C. Oct. 25, 2010). Here, we review 22 the IJ’s decision as modified by the BIA. See Xue Hong Yang v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 23 426 F.3d 520, 522 (2d Cir. 2005). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts 24 and record of the prior proceedings, to which we refer only as necessary to explain 25 our decision to dismiss the petition. 26 As a general matter, we lack jurisdiction to review the agency’s discretionary 27 denial of an application to adjust status. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i); Guyadin v. 28 Gonzales, 449 F.3d 465, 468 (2d Cir. 2006). But we retain jurisdiction to review 29 “constitutional claims or questions of law.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D). As to those 30 claims and questions, our review is de novo. Pierre v. Holder, 588 F.3d 767, 772 (2d 31 Cir. 2009). To assess whether a petitioner raises a constitutional challenge or 2 1 question of law over which we have jurisdiction, we “study the argument[] 2 asserted[] [and] . . . determine, regardless of the rhetoric employed in the petition, 3 whether it merely quarrels over the correctness of the factual findings or justification 4 for the discretionary choices, in which case the court would lack jurisdiction.” Xiao 5 Ji Chen v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 471 F.3d 315, 329 (2d Cir. 2006). 6 Morales argues that we have jurisdiction for three reasons, each of which we 7 reject. 8 First, he claims that the BIA committed legal error by considering arrests and 9 convictions that are not statutory grounds for inadmissibility. But the agency may 10 consider past criminal conduct, whether or not it renders the alien inadmissible, in 11 deciding whether to deny relief as a matter of discretion. See, e.g., Wallace v. 12 Gonzales, 463 F.3d 135, 139 (2d Cir. 2006); In re Grijalva, 19 I. & N. Dec. 713, 722 13 (B.I.A. 1988). We therefore reject the argument as a basis for our jurisdiction, as it 14 amounts to a mere disagreement with the IJ’s discretionary choice and balancing of 15 the equities. See Guyadin, 449 F.3d at 468. 16 Second, Morales argues that the IJ illegally failed to offer a “basis for her 17 determination that [Morales] has ‘a serious lack of respect for laws in the United 18 States.’” It is true that the agency commits legal error when its discretionary 19 decision is “made without rational justification,” Xiao Ji Chen, 471 F.3d at 329, or 20 when “facts important to [the discretionary] determination . . . have been totally 21 overlooked and others have been seriously mischaracterized,” Mendez v. Holder, 22 566 F.3d 316, 323 (2d Cir. 2009). But the IJ explained that the decision rested on (1) 23 Morales’s testimony regarding his repeated arrests for drinking and driving and (2) 24 Morales’s acknowledgement that he did not have a driver’s license while driving. 25 That record evidence justified the agency’s decision, and Morales points to no 3 1 testimony that the IJ misconstrued or overlooked. See Xiao Ji Chen, 471 F.3d at 329; 2 Mendez, 566 F.3d at 323. 3 Finally, Morales argues that the IJ erred when it declined to consider the 4 presence of his adult children in the United States because there was “no indication 5 that [they] have any [immigration] status in the United States.” But the BIA’s 6 decision did not rely on the IJ’s finding regarding Morales’s children. Because that 7 finding formed no part of the final agency decision under review, we cannot consider 8 it. See Xue Hong Yang, 426 F.3d at 522 (reviewing IJ’s decision as modified by BIA). 9 For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DISMISSED. As we have 10 completed our review, the temporary stay of removal that the Court previously 11 granted in this petition is VACATED, and the pending motion for a stay of removal 12 in this petition is DISMISSED as moot. 13 FOR THE COURT: 14 Catherine O=Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court 4
Document Info
Docket Number: 12-549
Filed Date: 3/15/2017
Precedential Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 4/17/2021