United States v. Ogman ( 2008 )

06-0203-cr
United States v. Ogman
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
August Term, 2007
(Argued: March 4, 2008 Decided: July 24, 2008)
Docket No. 06-0203-cr
_____________________________________________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Appellee,
– v. –
MARVIN OGMAN,
Defendant-Appellant.
____________________________________________
Before SOTOMAYOR, LIVINGSTON, Circuit Judges,
and PRESKA, District Judge.1
____________________________________________
Defendant-appellant Marvin Ogman appeals the district court’s judgment, following two
separate guilty pleas, convicting him of conspiracy to possess cocaine with intent to distribute in
violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846, and possession with intent to distribute at least 50 grams of cocaine
base in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). We hold that the district court did not abuse its
discretion in considering both of these convictions in sentencing him, and that our decision in
United States v. Regalado, 518 F.3d 143 (2d Cir. 2008), has no application here because the
Sentencing Guidelines range applied to Ogman’s case was not the result of the Guidelines’ 100-
to-1 powder to crack ratio, but rather resulted from his undisputed status as a career offender
under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(a)
SALLY WASSERMAN, New York, New York, for Defendant-Appellant
MICHAEL E. RUNOWICZ, Assistant United States Attorney (Sandra S.
1
The Honorable Loretta A. Preska, United States District Court for the Southern District
of New York, sitting by designation.
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Glover, Assistant United States Attorney, of counsel) for Kevin J.
O’Connor, United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut, New
Haven, Connecticut, for Appellee.
PER CURIAM
Defendant-appellant Marvin Ogman appeals the sentence imposed by the United States
District Court for the District of Connecticut (Hall, J.), following two separate guilty pleas,
convicting him of conspiracy to possess cocaine with intent to distribute in violation of 21 U.S.C.
§ 846, and possession with intent to distribute at least 50 grams of cocaine base in violation of 21
U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). We affirmed in a summary order dated April 7, 2008, and now withdraw that
order and publish this opinion in its place. We hold that the district court did not abuse its
discretion in considering both of these convictions in sentencing Ogman, notwithstanding that he
was indicted for the cocaine-base offense only after he indicated a desire to go to trial on the
cocaine offense. We further hold that our decision in United States v. Regalado, 518 F.3d 143(2d Cir. 2008) (per curiam), has no application here because the Sentencing Guidelines range
applied to Ogman’s case was not the result of the Guidelines’ 100-to-1 powder to crack ratio, but
rather resulted from his status as a career offender under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(a), coupled with the
statutory maximum term of life imprisonment for his cocaine-base offense.
BACKGROUND
On June 15, 2004, Ogman was charged in a conspiracy to possess with the intent to
distribute both cocaine and cocaine base. When law enforcement officers went to arrest Ogman
on the warrant issued with the filing of the indictment, they found approximately 52 grams of
“crack” cocaine beneath a scale next to the bed in which he had been sleeping. After Ogman’s
arrest, he engaged in several proffer sessions with the government, in the hope of entering into a
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cooperation agreement and obtaining a § 5K1.1 motion from the government, which would then
allow the sentencing judge to depart downwardly during sentencing. See U.S.S.G. § 5K1.1.
Because the information Ogman provided to the government was principally corroborative in
nature, however, the prosecutor informed Ogman—in undisputed good faith—that Ogman’s
assistance up to that point might not have risen to the level required for the filing of a § 5K1.1
motion.2
Although he continued to cooperate, Ogman expressed an intention to go to trial, rather
than to plead guilty. In anticipation of trial, on February 16, 2005, the government sought and
obtained a Second Superseding Indictment that charged Ogman with engaging in a cocaine
distribution conspiracy (rather than the cocaine and cocaine base conspiracy with which he had
originally been charged). At the same time, the government sought and obtained a grand jury
indictment that charged him with possessing with intending to distribute the cocaine base found
next to his bed when he was arrested. After the filing of these two indictments, Ogman’s
cooperation continued, and ultimately he entered into plea agreements with respect to both
charges.
At sentencing on December 29, 2005, Ogman’s initial offense level was calculated to be
32 based on the quantity of drugs involved in both cases to which he had pleaded guilty. His
2
The § 5K1.1 motion did not, however, authorize the district court to depart below the
statutory minimum sentence—in this case, 120 months—because the district court acquires such
authority only when the government files a motion pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3553(e). United
States v. Richardson, 521 F.3d 149, 158-59 (2d Cir. 2008). Here, however, the government
conceded at oral argument that it had filed a § 3553(e) motion as well. Although the district
court did not expressly rule on this motion, we need not consider remanding for resentencing in
accordance with the statutory minimum because the government has not cross-appealed and
asked us to do so. See Greenlaw v. United States, 128 S. Ct. 2559, 2562 (2008).
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offense level was then increased to 37 under U.S.S.G.§ 4B1.1 because his previous felony
convictions made him a career offender. The district court then reduced this offense level by
three for acceptance of responsibility, resulting in a total offense level of 34. The district court
then determined that Ogman’s criminal history placed him in category VI because he had
acquired a total of 17 criminal history points. Accordingly, based on a total offense level of 34
and a criminal history category of VI, the district court calculated Ogman’s Guidelines range to
be 262 to 327 months of imprisonment. The district court granted the government’s § 5K1.1
motion, departing downwardly to sentence Ogman principally to 95 months in prison on each
charge, to be served concurrently.
DISCUSSION
On appeal, Ogman challenges the reasonableness of his sentence on two grounds.3
First, he argues that the district court should not have considered the cocaine-base charge as an
offense of conviction in calculating his Guidelines range, on the theory that he was charged with
this offense only after he expressed his desire, during plea negotiations, to go to trial on the
conspiracy charge. However, Ogman offers no authority, and we are aware of none, that would
permit a district court in these circumstances not to consider all offenses to which a defendant
pleads guilty when calculating a sentence. Ogman voluntarily pled guilty to both crimes with
which he was legitimately charged. Thus, the district court reasonably considered both
convictions in calculating his sentence. See United States v. Stanley, 928 F.2d 575, 582 (2d Cir.
3
When reviewing a district court’s sentence calculation, we “must first ensure that the
district court committed no significant procedural error.” Gall v. United States, 128 S. Ct. 586,
597 (2007). If the district court’s sentencing decision is procedurally sound, we then “consider
the substantive reasonableness of the sentence imposed under an abuse-of-discretion standard.”
Id.-4-
1991) (“[T]he fact that a charge was used in plea bargaining does not mean that the penalty
mandated by statute does not apply.”); see also Bordenkircher v. Hayes, 434 U.S. 357, 365
(1978) (holding that a prosecutor’s threat to bring more serious charges to induce a plea bargain
“no more than openly presented the defendant with the unpleasant alternatives of forgoing trial or
facing charges on which he was plainly subject to prosecution”).
Second, Ogman argues that the district court unreasonably denied his motion for
departure from criminal history category VI because it overstated his actual criminal history. We
need not reach this issue because a district court’s refusal to depart generally is not appealable.
United States v. Valdez, 426 F.3d 178, 184 (2d Cir. 2005). Review is available only “when a
sentencing court misapprehended the scope of its authority to depart or the sentence was
otherwise illegal.” Id. Here, nothing in the record suggests that the district court misunderstood
its authority to grant a departure or that the sentence was otherwise illegal. In fact, the district
court explicitly acknowledged its authority to depart and exercised its discretion not to do so. In
any event, the district court acted well within its discretion not to depart in light of Ogman’s
status as a career offender. See U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(b) (“A career offender’s criminal history
category in every case under this subsection shall be Category VI.”).
Finally, we note that our decision in United States v. Regalado, 518 F.3d 143 (2d Cir.
2008), does not counsel in favor of, much less require, a remand in this case. Unlike in
Regalado, where we remanded to allow the district court to determine “whether it would have
imposed a non-Guidelines sentence knowing that it had discretion to deviate from the [crack]
Guidelines to serve [the objectives of sentencing under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)],” id. at149, the
Guidelines range applied to Ogman’s case was not the result of the 100-to-1 powder to crack
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ratio, but rather resulted from his status as a career offender under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(a), coupled
with the statutory maximum term of life imprisonment for his cocaine-base offense, 21 U.S.C. §
841(b)(1)(A)(iii). See U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(b)(A).
We thus clarify that where, as here, a district court sentences a defendant pursuant to a
Guidelines range that results from his status as a career offender, and without reliance upon the
Guidelines’ drug quantity table and the crack to powder ratio that it incorporates, the sentence
does not present the type of error for which remand in accordance in Regalado is appropriate. In
such a case, we can be confident that the “likely procedural error” we identified in
Regalado—namely, “unawareness of discretion to consider that the 100-to-1 ratio may cause a
particular sentence to be excessive”—did not “affect[] substantial rights” or “affect[] the fairness,
integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Regalado, 518 F.3d at 150.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the district court’s judgment is AFFIRMED.
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