United States v. Carney ( 2014 )

13-3136
United States v. Carney
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN
CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE
EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY
PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York,
on the 24th day of June, two thousand fourteen.
PRESENT: RALPH K. WINTER,
PIERRE N. LEVAL,
GERARD E. LYNCH,
Circuit Judges.
———————————————————————
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Appellee,
v. No. 13-3136
MICHAEL CARNEY,
Defendant - Appellant.*
———————————————————————
APPEARING FOR APPELLEE: BENJAMIN ALLEE, Assistant United
States Attorney (Justin Anderson,
Assistant United States Attorney, on the
brief), for Preet Bharara, United States
Attorney for the Southern District of New
York, New York, New York.
APPEARING FOR APPELLANT: CLINTON W. CALHOUN, III, Calhoun &
Lawrence, LLP, White Plains, New York.
*
The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to amend the caption to conform to that
above.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New
York (Kenneth M. Karas, Judge).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,
AND DECREED that the judgment entered on August 2, 2013, is AFFIRMED.
Defendant-appellant Michael Carney appeals from a judgment entered on August
2, 2013, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
convicting him, upon his guilty plea, of conspiracy in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371
(“Count I”), and bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2113(a) and 2 (“Count II”).
The district court calculated a Sentencing Guidelines Range of 151-188 months’
imprisonment after finding a base Offense Level of 29 and a Criminal History Category
of VI. That calculation was based, in part, on the district court’s determination that
Carney was a Career Offender within the meaning of U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1. As relevant to
that determination, the district court concluded that Carney had one prior conviction for
attempted burglary in the second degree, in violation of N.Y. Penal Law § 140.20(2), and
two convictions for attempted burglary in the third degree, in violation of N.Y. Penal Law
§ 140.20. The district court sentenced Carney principally to 60 months’ imprisonment on
Count I and 100 months’ imprisonment on Count II, to run concurrently, for a total
sentence that was 51 months below the Guidelines range. On appeal, Carney challenges
his sentence, contending, first, that the district court erroneously determined him to be a
career offender, and second, that the district court, having made the career offender
determination, did not understand its authority under U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3(b) to depart on the
horizontal Criminal History axis from Category VI, as directed for a person falling within
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the definition of Career Offender by U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1, to a lesser Criminal History
Category, see United States v. Preacely, 628 F.3d 72, 80-81 (2d Cir. 2010); United States
v. Ingram, 721 F.3d 35, 39-40 (2d Cir. 2013) (Calabresi, J., concurring), and then to
further depart from the guidelines range so determined in light of the sentencing factors
specified in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and
the record of prior proceedings, to which we refer only as necessary to explain our
decision.
We review criminal sentences for reasonableness, which “requires an examination
of the length of the sentence (substantive reasonableness) as well as the procedure
employed in arriving at the sentence (procedural reasonableness).” United States v. Chu,
714 F.3d 742, 746 (2d Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks omitted). A district court errs
procedurally when “it fails to calculate (or improperly calculates) the Sentencing
Guidelines range, treats the Sentencing Guidelines as mandatory, fails to consider the
§ 3553(a) factors, selects a sentence based on clearly erroneous facts, or fails adequately
to explain the chosen sentence.” United States v. Robinson, 702 F.3d 22, 38 (2d
Cir.2012). A district court errs substantively if its sentence “cannot be located within the
range of permissible decisions.” United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d 180, 189 (2d
Cir.2008) (en banc) (internal quotation marks omitted). In reviewing the substantive
reasonableness of a sentence, “we take into account the totality of the circumstances,
giving due deference to the sentencing judge’s exercise of discretion, and bearing in mind
the institutional advantages of district courts.” Id. at 190. Such discretion includes the
district court’s ability to “impose a sentence outside the range called for by the Career
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Offender Guideline.” United States v. Preacely, 628 F.3d 72, 79 (2d Cir. 2010). “We
review the district court’s interpretation of the Sentencing Guidelines de novo.” United
States v. Cain, 671 F.3d 271, 301 (2d Cir. 2012).
Under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1, a defendant is a career offender if:
(1) [he] was at least eighteen years old at the time the
defendant committed the instant offense of conviction;
(2) the instant offense of conviction is a felony that is either a
crime of violence or a controlled substance offense; and
(3) [he] has at least two prior felony convictions of either a
crime of violence or a controlled substance offense.
U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1. A “crime of violence” is a state or federal offense carrying more than
one year of imprisonment that “(1) has an element the use, attempted use, or threatened
physical use of physical force against the person of another; or (2) is burglary of a
dwelling, arson, or extortion, involves use of explosives, or otherwise involves conduct
that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another.” U.S.S.G.
§ 4B1.2(a)(1)-(2). Applying the “categorical approach,” see United States v. Barker, 723
F.3d 315, 319 (2d Cir. 2013), we have previously held that N.Y. Penal Law § 140.20
defines a crime of violence within the meaning of the U.S.S.G § 4B1.2(a)(2). See United
States v. Brown, 514 F.3d 256, 269 (2d Cir. 2008).
In light of Brown, Carney’s challenge to the district court’s Career Offender
determination is wholly without merit. That case specifically applied the categorical
approach in determining that third degree burglary is a crime of violence, and we have
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subsequently applied Brown in numerous cases.1 To the extent that Carney argues that
Brown and the cases applying it should be overruled, those decisions remain the law of
this circuit until abrogated either by this Court sitting en banc or by the Supreme Court.
See WNET, Thirteen v. Aereo, Inc., 712 F.3d 676, 695 (2d Cir. 2013).
We also reject Carney’s argument that the district court “did not recognize the
authority that it possessed to reject [Criminal History Category VI] . . . and begin its
sentencing analysis [in the guidelines range falling in a lesser Criminal History
Category].” Appellant’s Br. 28. “In the absence of clear evidence of a substantial risk
that the judge misapprehended the scope of his departure authority, we presume that a
sentence judge understood the scope of his authority.” United States v. Stinson, 465 F.3d
113, 114 (2d Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks omitted). We see nothing in the record
to suggest that the district court did not understand its authority.
Accordingly, we conclude that Carney’s sentence is neither substantively nor
procedurally unreasonable. We have considered all of Carney’s remaining arguments and
consider them to be without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of conviction
is AFFIRMED.
FOR THE COURT:
CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, Clerk of Court
1
See, e.g., United States v. Longale, 533 F. App’x. 42, 42-43 (2d Cir. 2013); United
States v. Boston, 531 F. App’x 98, 101 n.3 (2d Cir. 2013), cert denied, 134 S. Ct. 977
(2014); United States v. Boyd, 398 F. App’x 649, 651-52 (2d Cir. 2010); United States v.
Ortiz, 621 F.3d 82, 85 (2d Cir. 2010).
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