Zhong Chi Yang v. Holder , 455 F. App'x 125 ( 2012 )


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  • 11-532-ag
    Yang v. Holder
    BIA
    Elstein, IJ
    A099 670 256
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
    SUMMARY ORDER
    RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY
    ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL
    RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING
    A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE
    FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”).
    A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT
    REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
    At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals
    for the Second Circuit, held at the Daniel Patrick Moynihan
    United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New
    York, on the 24th day of January, two thousand twelve.
    PRESENT:
    JON O. NEWMAN,
    ROBERT A. KATZMANN,
    SUSAN L. CARNEY,
    Circuit Judges.
    _______________________________________
    ZHONG CHI YANG,
    Petitioner,
    v.                                                 11-532-ag
    NAC
    ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., UNITED STATES
    ATTORNEY GENERAL,
    Respondent.
    ______________________________________
    FOR PETITIONER:                H. Raymond Fasano, Youman, Madeo &
    Fasano, LLP, New York, New York.
    FOR RESPONDENT:                Tony West, Assistant Attorney General;
    Luis E. Perez, Senior Litigation
    Counsel; Claire L. Workman, Trial
    Attorney,   Office   of    Immigration
    Litigation, Civil Division, United
    States    Department    of    Justice,
    Washington, D.C.
    UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a
    Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby
    ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review is
    DENIED.
    Petitioner Zhong Chi Yang, a native and citizen of China,
    seeks review of a January 10, 2011, order of the BIA affirming
    the June 12, 2009, decision of Immigration Judge (“IJ”)
    Annette S. Elstein denying Yang’s application for relief under
    the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). In re Zhong Chi Yang,
    No. A099 670 256 (B.I.A. Jan. 10, 2011), aff’g No. A099 670
    256 (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City June 12, 2009).      We assume the
    parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural
    history in this case.
    Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed
    the decision of the IJ as supplemented by the BIA.     See Yan
    Chen v. Gonzales, 
    417 F.3d 268
    , 271 (2d Cir. 2005).        The
    applicable standards of review are well-established.    See
    8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Yanqin Weng v. Holder, 
    562 F.3d 510
    ,
    513 (2d Cir. 2009).
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    Substantial     evidence     supports      the     agency’s    adverse
    credibility determination.           Under the REAL ID Act, which
    applies to Yang’s application for relief, “an IJ may rely on
    any inconsistency or omission in making an adverse credibility
    determination as long as the ‘totality of the circumstances’
    establishes that an asylum applicant is not credible.”                   Xiu
    Xia Lin v. Mukasey, 
    534 F.3d 162
    , 167 (2d Cir. 2008) (emphasis
    in original).
    As the IJ found, Yang made inconsistent statements to a
    Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) officer and during his
    testimony before the IJ regarding the amount he paid to a
    snakehead to be smuggled into the United States, and conceded
    that he lied to the officer about a Falun Gong asylum claim.
    While Yang argues that the IJ erred in relying on the CBP
    officer’s notes as they may not have been accurate, he did not
    present this argument to the agency.           See Lin Zhong v. U.S.
    Dep’t   of   Justice,   
    480 F.3d 104
    ,   107      n.1,   122   (2d   Cir.
    2007)(reaffirming that this Court “may consider only those
    issues that formed the basis for [the BIA’s] decision”).
    Yang     further    argues   that    the      agency     should     have
    considered that he made these statements to the CBP officer
    under duress from the snakehead.            However, we defer to the
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    agency’s rejection of that explanation, as it confirms that he
    did initially lie and does not compel the conclusion that he
    would not do so again.           See Majidi v. Gonzales, 
    430 F.3d 77
    ,
    81 (2d Cir. 2005) (providing that this Court must defer to the
    fact-finder’s         conclusions           about       explanations        for
    inconsistencies       in    an     applicant’s       testimony    unless    the
    applicant “demonstrate[s] that a reasonable fact-finder would
    be compelled to credit his testimony”) (emphasis in original;
    quotation omitted)).          Moreover, as the IJ found, Yang also
    made inconsistent statements concerning to whom he owed money
    and Yang does not challenge this finding.                      Together these
    inconsistencies provide substantial evidence in support of the
    agency’s adverse credibility determination.
    This    adverse       credibility      determination        supports   the
    agency’s rejection of Yang’s claim that he would be tortured
    because of his illegal departure from China and failure to pay
    debts   as   Yang     did    not     credibly       establish    the    factual
    predicate,    that    he    illegally       left    China    after   borrowing
    substantial sums of money, for the claim.                   See Shou Yung Guo
    v.   Gonzales,       
    463 F.3d 109
    ,    113-14      (2d     Cir.   2006).
    Additionally, Yang’s argument for CAT relief due to fear of
    forced sterilization is meritless because, as the agency
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    found, his fear is speculative, as he is not engaged or
    married, and has no children.    See Jian Xing Huang v. INS, 
    421 F.3d 125
    , 129 (2d Cir. 2005) (per curiam) (holding that,
    absent solid support in the record for the petitioner’s
    assertion that he would be subjected to persecution in China
    because of his desire to have more children, his fear was
    “speculative at best”).
    Finally, we reject Yang’s argument that the BIA and the
    IJ erred by requiring Yang to prove that he would be “singled
    out” for torture in order to qualify for CAT relief.        The
    record demonstrates that, contrary to Yang’s assertions, the
    agency applied the proper standard, requiring Yang to provide
    evidence that petitioners in his particular circumstances were
    “more likely than not to be tortured.” Lin v. U.S. Dep’t of
    Justice, 
    432 F.3d 156
    , 160 (2d Cir. 2005).          Substantial
    evidence supports the agency’s determination that Yang has
    failed to meet this burden. See 
    id. At 159-60.
    For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is
    DENIED.   As we have completed our review, any stay of removal
    that the Court previously granted in this petition is VACATED,
    and any pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition
    is DISMISSED as moot.     Any pending request for oral argument
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    in this petition is DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of
    Appellate Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule
    34.1(b).
    FOR THE COURT:
    Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk
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